基于单片机lcd显示的超声波测距系统学士学位论文.doc

毕业论文（设计） 题 目 基于单片机LCD显示的超声波测距系统 基于单片机LCD显示的超声波测距系统 摘要：超声波具有指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，传播距离较远等优点，所以，在利用传感器技术和自动控制技术相结合的测距方案中，超声波测距是目前应用最普遍的一种，它广泛应用于防盗、倒车雷达、水位测量、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场。 本课题详细介绍了超声波传感器的原理和特性，以及主要单片机的性能和特点，并在分析了超声波测距的原理的基础上，指出了设计测距系统的思路和所需考虑的问题，给出了以单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方法。该系统电路设计合理、工作稳定、性能良好、检测速度快、计算简单、易于做到实时控制，并且在测量精度方面能达到工业实用的要求。 关键词： 超声波 测距Ultrasonic ranging system based on single-chip LCD display Abstract：There are some advantages of ultrasonic. They are the strong directivity, the slow energy consumption, the long propagation length and so on. So in the use of Location scheme, which is combined with the sensor technology and automatic control technology. The ultrasonic ranging is the most commonly used than other Location schemes. What’s more, the ultrasonic ranging is also widely used in anti-theft, reversing radar, level measurement, building construction site and some industrial fields. This subject detailedly introduces that the principles and characteristics of ultrasonic sensor, the performances and characteristics of the main SCM. Besides, this subject is also based on the analysis of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement, points out the ideas of the ranging system, the considering questions, and gives the microcontroller, which as the core of the low cost, the high precision, miniaturization digital display hardware circuit and software design method of ultrasonic range finder. The circuit of this system has reasonable design, stable operation, good performance, fast detection speed, simple calculation. In addition, this system is also easy to achieve real-time control, and meets the practical requirements of industry measurement . Keywords: ultrasonic distance measurement SC 目 录 第一章 绪 论 1 1.1，超声波测距系统的背景目的及重要意义 1 1.2超声波测距的国内研究现状 2 1.3超声波测距的测距方案和研究内容 2 1.3.1基于单片机的超声波测距系统 2 1.3.2本设计的超声波测距原理 3 1.3.3本设计的超声波测距方法 3 第二章 系统的硬件结构设计 5 2.1单片机的选择 5 2.1.1 STC12C5A60S2单片机的主要性能 6 2.1.2 STC12C5A60S2单片机的管脚说明 7 2.1.3 ST