《中考英语阅读和写作》.doc

中考英语阅读和写作 一、题型分析与解题指导 此部分考查学生阅读理解能力和基础写作能力。 I. Reading comprehension (阅读理解)： 阅读理解是集语法、词汇、逻辑推理、背景知识于一体的综合语言能力的测试。它除了对学生的阅读理解的正确性进行测试外，还从阅读速度、阅读技巧、用词能力、文化背景知识等方面对学生进行考查。目前的测试，对学生阅读理解能力的要求也越来越高，测试的重点由文章的细节、事实，改为对全文整体的理解；由考短文的表层意义， 转向对文章深层含义的理解及逻辑推理和判断能力。体现了语言教学应注重能力、注重素质这一趋势。近年中考阅读理解采用的语篇，很多来自原著节选。题材丰富、体裁各异。 旨在引导学生多读课外读物，扩大语言的输入量。有三种考查题型: A、判断正误，B、选择最恰当的答案，C、根据短文内容，回答问题。 做阅读理解题时，在提高阅读速度的同时要注意理解的正确率。做到既抓住文章材料的中心意思，也掌握体现中心意思的事实；既弄清楚具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；既懂得文章的表面意思，也理解作者的意图及深层的含义；既理清全篇的逻辑关系，也顾及句子或段落的意思。在读懂文章的基础上，用自己所掌握的知识来帮助解题，着重注意以下几个方面： 1. 先快速浏览一遍所给的问题。然后带着问题，有针对性地去阅读所给文章，掌握其大意，了解主要情节。 2. 注意关注文章的首段与首句，因为它们极可能是文章或该段的中心句。 3. 文章中的一些细节，如who（人物）、where（地点）、when（时间）、what（事件）、why（原因），要弄清楚。 4. 答题时，通过文中线索来分析、推断作者的意图、事件的结论、中心意思以及文章的标题。这是阅读理解中最难的，往往也是测试的重要内容。 5. 要根据英语国家一些语言习惯、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等来分析问题，不要以中国人的习惯进行推理和判断。 6. 做完题后要复读文章，检查答案。 以 B题型为例: In the 13th century(世纪), the famous Italian traveller, Marco Polo, travelled a long way to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In western countries, people did not use paper money until the 15th century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century. A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2,000 years ago. He made it from wood. He took the wood from trees and made it into paper. He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book. Now paper still comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day. Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. If we don’t, we will not have enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper. So how can we save