亚洲城市空气质量与机动车排放控制.ppt

* * Sources: Bangkok - Thailand Pollution Control Board, 2000 - 2003 Beijing - Beijing Environmental Monitoring Center, 2000 - 2003 Busan - through Korea Environment Institute, 2000 - 2002 Colombo - Air Resources Management Center (AirMAC) - Sri Lanka Central Environment Authority, 2000 - 2003 Dhaka - Air Quality Management Project - Bangladesh Department of Environment, 2002 - 2003 Hanoi - DOSTE - Hanoi, 2000 - 2002; and CEETIA for PM10, 2000 - 2003 Ho Chi Minh - DOSTE - Ho Chi Minh, 2000 - 2003 Hong Kong - Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, 2000 - 2003 Jakarta - Indonesia Ministry of Environment, 2000 - 2003; and SPM for 2000 - 2001 Kathmandu - Ministry of Population and Environment, 2003 Kolkata - average of West Bengal Pollution Control Board, 2000 - 2003 and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002 Manila - Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2000 - 2003 for SPM; and Manila Observatory, 2002 - 2003 for PM10 Mumbai - average of data from Mashelkar, R.A. Report (2002) for 2000 - 2003 and S.A. Dutta; and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002 New Delhi - average of data from CPCB, 2000 - 2003; and ESMAP, 2000 - 2002; N02 from CPCB only Seoul - through Korea Environment Institute, 2000 - 2002 Shanghai - Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, 2000 - 2003 Singapore - National Environment Agency, 2004 Surabaya - Environmental Department of the Local Government of Surabaya, 2001 - 2003 Taipei,China - Bureau of Environmental Protection, Taipei,China Municipal Government, 2000 - 2003 Tokyo - Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Municipal Government, 2000 - 2003 * * Cars, SUVs – 9 times by 2025 2-wheelers – 3.5 times by 2025 * Top speed of between 20 – 30kph and a range of 25 – 100 km During operation they emit zero local air pollution, but they do use about 2 kWh of electricity per 100 km Power ranges between 200 - 600 W and they take around 6 – 8 hours to charge * .ph/flashpass_project.htm * Response * Notes: Italics – under discussion a – gasoline b – Diesel