基于单片机的直流电机速度控制系统毕业论文.doc

学校代码 10722 学 号 分类号 　 密 级 公 开 本科毕业（）Abstract Along with the development of microelectronics and computer technology, the requirement of the dc motor’s quantity grows day by day, it is widely used in printers, electric toys and other consumer products as well as the numerical control machine tools, industrial robots, medical equipment and other mechanical and electrical products, and applied in all professions and trades of the national economy.Study of dc motor control system, to improve the control precision and response speed, energy conservation is of great significance. Because singlechip has advantages of high integration, strong processing power, good reliability and the characteristics of simple structure, low cost as well as easy to use, so the paper uses the 51 series microcontroller design the control system, the whoie design include hardware design and software design two parts.Among them, the hardware design mainly includes the SCM minimal system, the keyboard control module, dc motor driver module, reset circuit module, crystals circuit module, and other function modules design.Software design includes the main program and each module control program.Thereby do realize the function of controlling the rotation direction and speed.The system has the characteristics of intelligence, practicality and reliability. Keywords: dc motor;speed control;direction control 目 录 摘 要 2 Abstract 3 1 绪论 4 1.1 研究背景 4 1.2 研究价值 4 1.3 研究内容 4 2 直流电动机简介 5 2.1 直流电动机的工作原理及其构造 5 2.2 直流电动机的PWM调压调速原理 6 3 控制系统的总体设计 6 3.1 设计方案分析与比较 6 3.2 系统结构设计 9 3.3 单片机89C51简介 9 3.4 L298N电动机驱动芯片简介 10 4 硬件设计 11 4.1 单片机系统电路 11 4.2 复位电路 12 4.3 时钟电路 13 4.4 直流电机驱动电路 14 4.5 键盘电路 15 5 软件设计 16 5.1 单极性可逆电动机驱动系统的电动机启停、正反转控制 16 5.2系统总体流程设计 17 6 仿真调试 19 6.1 Keil C51软件简介 19 6.2 Proteus仿真软件简介 19 6.3 调试 20 总结 23 参考文献 24 附录 26 谢辞 28 1 绪论 1.1 研究背景 直流电动机是最早出现的电动机，也是最早实现调速的电动机。长期以来，直流电动机一直占据着