燃煤热电厂效率提高措施的发展趋势.doc

燃煤热电厂效率提高措施的发展趋势 专业： 班级： 姓名：晋 指导教师： 目 录 引 言 5 1热机的工作原理和效率定义 6 1.1热机及组成 6 1.2热机效率 7 1.3卡诺热机效率的研究 7 2影响机组能耗高的主要因素及定量分析 9 2.1影响发电煤耗的主要因素 9 2.2汽轮机热耗率（或各缸效率） 9 2.2.1影响汽轮机热耗率高的主要原因 9 2.2.2 参数及其对热耗率的影响 (超超临界600MW机组） 10 2.3 凝汽器压力 12 2.3.1影响凝汽器压力高的主要原因 12 2.3.2凝汽器性能定量分析方法 13 2.4 热力及疏水系统 14 2.5 煤质 15 2.6 再热器减温水量大 15 2.7机组出力系数 16 3重点燃煤热电厂效率提高措施 16 3.1 超超临界燃煤发电技术 16 3.2冷端系统改进及运行优化 18 3.3降低锅炉排烟温度 19 3.4脱硫系统节电 21 3.5降低空气预热器漏风率 21 3.6热力及疏水系统改进 21 结 论 22 致 谢 23 参考文献 24 摘 要 针对存在的诸多问题机组冷端经济性差；凝结泵、风机、制粉系统电耗高，生产厂用电率偏大；空气预热器漏风严重；暖风器选用过高品质的抽汽源等，分析了问题产生的原因，并提出对其节能降耗的具体意见，以后运行优化、技术改造等提供了一些参考。 关键词： Abstract In our country s natural resources , the most abundant coal reserves , and a relatively small oil and gas reserves , which determines the country s power sector is characterized mainly by thermal power plants . Therefore, to improve the efficiency of coal-fired power generation become the biggest target in this regard . And want to improve the power generation efficiency of the plant , relying solely on the state to raise the maximum temperature of the working fluid working to improve Power generation efficiency of heat engines is not enough , so far only in the high-tech ( such as: supercritical coal-fired power generation technology ) to the heat engine research and development in order to greatly improve the efficiency of power generation .In this paper, many problems exist in power generation efficiency of thermal power plants (such as cold end unit poor economy ; condensation pumps, fans, high milling system power consumption, power consumption rate of production is too large ; air preheater leakage serious ; Heater selection source of high -quality extraction , etc. ) , analyze the causes of the problem and to make specific comments on its energy saving , focuses on supercritical coal-fired power generation technology , developments , heat and drain system improvements and cold side system improvement and operation optimization . For the future operation of coal-fired power