历年考研英语阅读真题全文精译.pdf

大家网快乐的考研人系列·历年考研英语阅读真题全文精译 1999 Passage 1 Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might — surprised! — fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy does not enable user to fly. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example — and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before. some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries, says Nimmons. They jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute — a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substanti