《Lecture 21耶鲁大学开放课程《聆听音乐》讲稿 》.pdf

Yale University Listening to Music Lecture 21 Professor Craig Wright: Now today were going to be talking about musical Impressionism--next time modernism, but today musical impressionism. Impressionism, generally speaking, is a period in the history of music running from 1880 to 1920. Its mostly a French phenomenon although it did expand, as we will see, to England and to Italy and to the United States even to some degree. We have the American Impressionist School of Art, for example. Lets turn to the board here and visit some familiar names and faces. You know of the painters: Manet, Monet, Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, and the American--interesting enough--American woman, Mary Cassatt. Any time an art museum needs to raise cash, what sort of exhibition do they put on? A blockbuster exhibition of Impressionist painting. Thats what brings everybody in. It is the locus, somehow, of what art is supposed to be. Everybody loves these Impressionist exhibitions whether its Boston, New York, Chicago, wherever it might be. So we have those artists. We also have the poets--though interestingly enough theyre not called so much Impressionist poets. Theyre called the Symbolist poets, and Im sure in literature classes and in French classes you have studied some of them: Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, and Stephane Mallarmé. Turning now to the composers, the most important of these, really, is Claude Debussy. He sort of started this school of French composition, the Impressionist style. We list others up there--Maurice Ravel. Weve bumped into Bolero of Ravel; Gabriel Fauré wrote some beautiful Impressionist music. You may have heard of parts of the Fauré Requiem from time to time; Ottorino Respighi, an Italian, suggesting that this also got to Italy; and the American, Charles Griffes, who died of the influenza in Ne