文化和国内国际交往中心,是世界历史文化名城和古都之....docVIP

一、北京是中华人民共和国的首都，中国的政治、文化和国内国际交往的中心，是世界历史文化名城和古都之一。早在70万年前，北京周口店地区就出现了原始人群落“北京人”。北京最初见于记载的名字为“蓟”。 Beijing is the capital of Peoples Republic of China, the centre of Chinas politics, culture and both domestic and international contact, one of famous historical cities and ancient capitals in the world. As early as 700,000 years ago, the primitive community “Peking person ” appeared in the Beijing Choukoution area. The first recorded name of Beijing is “Ji”(thistle). 公元前1045年成为蓟、燕诸侯国的都城。从公元前221年秦始皇统一中国到公元937年，北京一直是中国北方的重镇和地方政权的都城。公元938年，统治中国北方的辽以北京（时称燕京）为陪都；以后，金、元、明、清各代都以此地为首都，前后达650多年。1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立，北京成为新中国的首都。In 1045BC it became the capital city of “Ji”(thistle) and Yan( swallow) seigneur contries. From 221BC when Qinshi Emperor unify China to 937AD, Beijing is always the strategic place of important town in North China and the capital city of local authority. In 938AD, Liao which ruled north part of China took Beijing ( called Yanjing at that time) as the alternate capital; Later, Jin(gold), Yuan, Ming, Qing and so on Dynasties all took it as a capital. It lasted amount to for more than 650 years. On October 1, 1949 the Peoples Republic of China was set up and Beijing became the new Chinas capital. 旅游景点： 1、故宫———北京故宫，又名紫禁城。它坐落于北京市中心，为明、清两代的皇宫，故宫是明、清两朝最大的皇家处理政务和生活起居场所，是明代皇帝朱棣，以南京宫殿为蓝本，从大江南北征调能工巧匠和役使百万夫役，历经14年(公元1407—1420年)时间建成的。平面呈长方形，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积72万多平方米。城墙环绕，周长3428米，城墙高7．9米，底部宽8．62米，上部宽6．66米，上部外侧筑雉牒，内侧砌宇墙。城墙四角各有一座结构精巧的角楼。城外有一条宽52米、长3800米的护城河环绕，构成完整的防卫系统。宫城辟有四门，南面有午门，为故宫正门，北有神武门(玄武门)，东面东华门，西为西华门。Scenic spot: 1. the Imperial Palace - - - Beijing Imperial Palace, also names the Forbidden City. It is located in the center of Beijing city. It is the imperial palaces of Ming and Qing Dynasty, the biggest imperial Palace for imperial family to handle the government affairs and daily live. Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhuli took the Nanjing palace as the main source, called up the skilled craftsman from all over the country and used millions of labours, taking 14 years