Lecture 3 Classification and development of English vocabulary.ppt

Lecture 3 Classification and development of English vocabulary Classification of English Words Words can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes: The basic word stock vs. nonbasic vocabulary (use frequency) content words vs. functional words (notion) native words vs. borrowed words (origin) simple words, compounds, derived words (morphology) 1. Basic word stock vs. nonbasic vocabulary Basic word stock: foundation, core; small part, but most important. Characteristics of basic word stock: 1) All national character: They denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us rain, snow, wind, head, foot, mother, dog, hot, go, one, hundred, I, you… 2) Stability: However, stability is only relative. Actually, the basic word stock has been undergoing some changes. e.g. arrow, bow, chariot (n. 敞篷双轮马车（古代用于战争或竞赛）vt. 驾驭) , knight (In medieval times, a knight was a man of noble birth, who served his king or lord in battle).? … car, plane, blog, computer, internet… 3) Productivity: Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words. e.g. foot: footage (n. 以英尺表示的长度,电影片段的数量或长度,连续镜头),, footpath, footer(页脚 ), footfall (n. 脚步，脚步声 ), footed (adj. 有脚的,…脚的), footloose (adj. 未婚的,自由自在,无拘无束), footling (adj. 口愚昧的,无价值的,微不足道的 v. 非正闲混( footle的现在分词 )), footman ((负责开门或上菜的)男仆，侍者) , footbath (a small bathtub for warming or washing or the feet), footing (n. 立场,关系, 立足点) on… footing… footprint (n. 脚印；商（建筑物或设备，尤指计算机）占用的空间； 术（尤指来自卫星的）广播信号覆盖区 )… dog: doglike (resembling a dog; especially in devotion: a doglike affection“); doghood (狗性 ); dog-cheap (adj. 非常便宜的，特别廉价的 ), dog-fall (n. (比赛)平局 ); dogfight (n. 混战； 空战； 狗咬狗； 缠斗 vi. 在空中缠斗 ), doghole (n. 狗窝，仅适于狗住的地方，龌龊的房间 ) → pigsty (Am. pigpen) If you describe a room or a house as a pigsty, you are criticizing the fact that it is very dirty and untidy. dog paddle: an elementary swimming stroke imitating a swimming dog dogsleep: n. 打盹，假寐 … doze off: I closed my eye