Unit2WhatishappinesstoyouGrammarandusage.ppt

Unit 2 What is happiness to you? Grammar and usage 英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 I want the bag badly. He is playing under the tree. I go to school every morning. The flight was delayed because of the weather. He won the competition by practising a lot. Infinitive, the verb-ing and verb-ed used as adverbials 动词不定式作状语 1）目的状语 We used the computer to save time. I come here only to say good-bye to you. 注：不定式作状语只有表示目的时，才可以放到句首。 To catch the bus, you must get up early. 表目的的不定式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之后，且常用于 in order to, so as to 结构。有时为了强调，可将不定式短语放到句首。 In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. 2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 　　I awoke to find my truck gone. 　　He searched the room only to find nothing. 3）表原因 　　I’m glad to see you. 　　She wept to see the sight. Simon made a big bamboo box _____ the little sick bird till it could fly. (2011四川) A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 解析：根据句意可知，西蒙做竹盒子的目的是养这只病弱的小鸟，所以用不定式作目的状语，故答案为D。 [高考真题] That is the only way we can imagine ____ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. （2010上海） A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 答案：B 解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth.表示“做……的途径、方式”。 With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank _____ presents for my dad. (2010全国Ⅰ) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 答案：B 解答：题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。 We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition. （2010辽宁） A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found 答案：B 解析：考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。 现在分词作状语 1）作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。 此种情