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International Conference on the Transformation of Collective Labour Relations and Collective Labour Dispute Resolution in China – Beijing December 14-15 2013 劳动争议集体化转型与集体劳动争议处理研讨会（北京，2013.12.14-15） William Brown University of Cambridge The Role of Employer Organisations in the Development of Collective Bargaining集体谈判发展中的雇主组织角色 The implications of China’s commitment to sectoral collective bargaining for employer organisation – the experience of other countries中国致力于行业集体谈判对雇主组织的影响：其他国家经验 Theoretical issues raised by sectoral bargaining 行业集体谈判引发的理论问题 The emergence of employer organisations in the West 西方雇主组织的产生 Sectoral bargaining and market and managerial control 行业集体谈判与市场和管理控制 Sectoral bargaining and the state 行业集体谈判与国家 The emergence of employer organisation in China – 3 cases 中国雇主组织的产生——三个案例 Conclusion 结论 Theoretical issues raised by sectoral bargaining行业集体谈判引发的理论问题 Why does it make sense for employers to collude over labour when they compete in their product markets? 在产品市场竞争中，为什么雇主在劳动力方面相互联合是有意义的？ All markets operate within constructed boundaries and constraints 所有的市场都在建好的边界内和约束条件中运行 The rules defining and constraining markets are contested by those engaged in them 市场参与者质疑定义和约束市场的规则 Product markets are all to some extent imperfect and thereby generate excess profits 产品市场在某种程度上都不是完美的，因此产生了超额利润 Collective bargaining is concerned with gaining a share of the profits for the workers 集体谈判关心的是工人获得的利润份额 The regulation of a market may inhibit damaging short-term opportunism 市场监管可以抑制有害的短期机会主义 Relative wage stability influences labour productivity 相对工资稳定影响劳动生产率 The emergence of employer organisation雇主组织的产生 Employers have colluded with each other over the price of labour since the Industrial Revolution 从产业革命开始，雇主在劳动力价格方面就已经相互联合了 In Britain, employer regulation of pay preceded trade unions in early 19th Century 在19世纪早期的英国，雇主在工资方面的规定早于工会 As trade unions developed, employer associations developed 当工会变得发达，雇主组织也变得发达 Sectoral (also known as ‘multi-employer’ or ‘industrial’)