独生子女死亡风险的城乡差异及扶助制度调整-中国社会保障网.pdfVIP

独生子女死亡风险的城乡差异及扶助制度调整 摘要：我国制定了独生子女伤残死亡家庭的扶助制度，目前这一制度存在支持 力度偏弱、覆盖程度不足的问题。本文以现存独生子女总量结构估计为出发点， 对城乡独生子女规模、死亡风险、死亡人数、49 岁以上失独父母人数、城乡失 独家庭扶助标准等方面展开研究，为完善相关的扶助制度提供理论基础和数据支 持。计算表明，截至20 10 年，全国农村独生子女数为7949 万人，城镇独生子女 数为9927 万人，合计为1.79 亿人。独生子女死亡家庭数，农村为158.57 万，城 镇为82.69 万，合计为241.26 万。每个年龄段的农村人口死亡概率都高于城镇人 口。2010 年全国农村49 岁以上的失独父母为55.3 万人，城镇49 岁以上的失独 父母为26.8 万人。国家应提高现行的失独家庭扶助标准，建议49-59 岁的父母每 人每月补助500 元，60 岁以上的父母每人每月补助 800 元，由中央财政支付。 在这一安排下，2010 年的扶助金总额为51.1 亿元，在政策不变的情况下，2030 年的扶助金总额增长到134 .7 亿元。 关键词：独生子女家庭；死亡风险；城乡差异；扶助制度 Hazard Difference and Support System Adju st of One-Child Death in Urban and Rural Areas Abstract: There is support system for One-Child Death or disability families in China. But the support level and coverage of this system is not enough. We focus on One-Children s scale, hazard of death, the number of death and the number of their parents whose age are more than 49, and analyze the support level of One-Child Death families in urban and rural areas, and provide theoretical and data support for the improvement of this system. The calculation results show that, up to 20 10, there are 79.49 million One-Child families in rural areas and 99.27 million One-Child families in urban areas. There are 1.59 million One-Child death families in rural areas and 0.83 million One-Child death families in urban areas, the total number is 本文是以下项目的阶段性成果：国家科技支撑计划（2012BAK22B02 ），教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题 攻关项目（12JZD035 ），国家社会科学基金重点项目（09AZD031），浙江省自然科学基金重点项目 （LZ13G030001）。 2.4 1 million. The number of parents whose One-Child are dead is 553 thousand in rural areas, and 268 thousand in urban areas. The support level should be improve to be 500 yuan for parents aged 49-59, and 800 yuan for parents aged more than 60. In this design, the amount of funding is 5.11 billion in 2010, and 13.47 billion in 2030 if the One-Child policy continues. Key words: One