我国天然气产业的价格问题研究论文.doc

我国天然气产业的价格问题研究 摘要 天然气是一种清洁的能源，对于解决现代能源危机，起到了巨大的作用，在现代能源消费结构中，世界约占30%，中国约占5%。当然天然气能源在中国的发展还有很大的空间。天然气的合理利用关乎国家民生，所以必须要了解天然气产业的性质，对其生产发展过程认真了解，对其上中下游产业的性质进行定义，上游生产建设具有进入障碍，中游具有自然垄断性质，下游的销售具有政府准入垄断。另外则是要对然天气的进行定价，对于天然气的发展具有决定性作用，对于自然垄断性质的天然气一般都是在政府管制下进行定价，这就使得天然气的定价呈现很多问题，使得具有垄断性质的天然气定价不合理，会产生垄断价格，使得消费者剩余减少，国家福利减少。还会产生供求关系的不对称，与其他能源比价的不合理的问题等等。对于天然气价格问题要进行合理的改革，才能促进我国天然气迅速和合理的发展！ 关键字：天然气 自然垄断 价格机制 改革政策 ABSTRACT Natural gas is a clean energy, the energy crisis, has played a huge role, in modern energy consumption structure in the world, accounting for about 30%, accounting for about 5% of China. Of course, the natural gas in the Chinese there is still great room for development. Reasonable utilization of natural gas are related to the National Peoples livelihood, so we must understand the nature of natural gas industry, the production process understanding, defining properties on the downstream industries, the upstream production and construction has entered the middle, with the nature of natural monopoly, the downstream sales have access to government monopoly. The other is to make a price for the weather, play a decisive role for the development of natural gas, the natural monopoly nature of the weather are generally priced at under government control, which makes natural gas pricing has many problems, so that the natural gas pricing with monopoly is not reasonable, will produce the monopoly price, the consumer surplus to reduce, reduce national welfare. Asymmetry can produce the relationship between supply and demand, price and other unreasonable energy problem etc. For a reasonable reform for natural gas prices will, in order to promote the development of Chinas natural gas quickly and reasonable! KEY WORDS：Natural gas Natural monopoly Price mechanism Reform policy 引言 天然气的发展是解决能源危机的一个重要解决方法，天然气的开发利用是不可阻挡的，对于新能源的开发利用和定价，政府必须要谨慎，这关系国家的经济发展，我对现阶段已经对天然气已经开发利用，比如“西气东输”工程等等。本文通过对天然气产业的性质进行理解，并对天然气的上下游产业的垄断性之进行阐述，并通过构造模型是人们了解具有垄断性质的天然气产业的几个机制，使得人们对天然气的定价过程更加清晰的了解，进而使得天然