猪病控制基本原理.ppt

Swine Disease Control Principles猪 病 控 制 的 基 本 原 理 作者：Larry Firkins, DVM, MS, MBA University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine 美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院 Disease疾病 Alteration of the state of the body, or in some of its organs, which interrupts or disturbs the proper performance of the bodily functions. 机体或者其部分器官的状态发生改变，引起机体正常功能的紊乱 Infection 感染 A microorganism enters a pig and causes a disturbance of function. 微生物侵入猪体，引起功能紊乱 Diseases that are a result of infection are Infectious Diseases. 感染引起的的疾病为传染性疾病 Non-infectious diseases can be the result of Genetic factors, Nutritional causes, Toxic factors, Management, etc. 非传染性疾病可能由遗传、营养、毒素、管理等因素引起 Most diseases of swine are Multi-Factorial. 猪的多数疾病由多种因素引起 Infection 感染 Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, etc., that can cause disease are called Pathogens. 细菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物称为病原 Not all microorganisms are pathogenic. 并非所有微生物都有致病性 Some are opportunists. 有些是条件性病原体 Some are non-pathogenic, some are helpful. 有些为非致病性的，有些则有益 Sources of Infection 感染源 Direct contact with a diseased pig 与病猪直接接触 Contact through Fomites. 与污染物接触 boots, trucks, dirty equipment, people 鞋，车，脏污的设备，人员 Contact with Disease Carriers. 与疾病携带者接触 Air Borne Infections. 空气传播感染 Body Defenses 机体防御 Primary Defenses - which serve to hinder or prevent the passage of disease organisms into the body 第一道防线——阻挡或防止病原侵入机体 Secondary Defenses - that deal with bugs that have managed to get past the primary defenses and enter the tissues. 第二道防线——抵御通过了第一防御并进入机体组织的病原 Primary Defenses 第一道防线 Skin 皮肤 Mucus 粘膜 Air-filtering system 空气过滤系统 Cilia 纤毛 Acid 酸 Enzymes 酶 Secondary Defenses 第二道防线 Non Specific Chemical Defenses such as enzymes, interferon, etc. 非特异性化学物质防御，如酶，干扰素等 Cellular defenses - Natural killer cells, T-cells, Macrophages, etc. 细胞防御－天然杀手细胞，T－细胞，巨噬细胞等 Specific Antibodies against disease agents. 针对病原体的特异性抗体 Antibodies 抗体 Antibodies are proteins formed in response to an infection. 抗体是对感染发生反应而形成的蛋白质 IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE Presence of Ab