聚氨酯合成及应用发展研究毕业论文.doc

内容摘要 聚氨酯(PU)树脂是由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应制成的一种具有氨基甲酸酯链段重复结构单元的聚合物。聚氨酯是一种高分子材料，其主要特征是分子链中含有多个重复的―氨基甲酸酯‖基团，既有橡胶的弹性，又有塑料的强度和优异的加工性能，因其具有橡胶和塑料的双重优点，可以认为是橡胶和塑料优异性能的结合体。由于其有其它材料无法比拟的优异特点，从上世纪60年代后期开始，聚氨酯逐渐实现了规模化生产，从上世纪80年代开始，聚氨酯开始在全世界高速发展，已经成为继聚乙烯、聚氯乙稀、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯之后的第五大塑料，目前其年产量已经超过1000万吨，列全球塑料行业的第六位。 关键词：聚氨酯；弹性；强度；第五大塑料 ABSTRACT? ? Polyurethane?(PU)?resin?is?a?polygon?isocyanine?reaction?and?made?of?a?urethane?chains?with?repeating?structural?units?of?the?polymer.?Polyurethane?is?a?polymer?material,?whose?main?feature?is?the?molecular?chain?with?multiple?repeat?of?the?carbamate?group,?both?the?flexibility?of?rubber,?plastics?have?the?strength?and?excellent?processing?performance,?because?of?its?rubber?and?the?dual?advantages?of?plastics,?rubber?and?plastics?can?be?considered?a?combination?of?excellent?performance.?There?are?other?materials?because?of?its?superior?characteristics?can?not?be?compared,?from?the?late?60s?of?last?century,?the?progressive?realization?of?the?scale?polyurethane?production,?starting?from?the?80s?of?last?century,?the?rapid?development?of?polyurethane?over?the?world?began,?has?become?the?polyethylene,?polyvinyl?ethylene,?polypropylene,?polystyrene?and?plastic?after?the?fifth-largest,?at?present?its?annual?production?of?more?than?1,000?million?tons,?out?of?the?sixth?global?plastics?industry. The?keywords:?Polyurethane；Flexibility；Strength；The?fifth?largest?plastic.