普通心理学之心理压力与健康.ppt

* * 社会支持、乐观和负责的人格特点，有利于个体在应激时，更有效地减弱紧张情绪，更有效地减弱应激的消极，并增强免疫功能。 自主神经反应特点上的差异研究主要关注的是个体在应激反应过程中，自主反应特点对心血管系统的作用特点。从而寻找不同 * Many factors moderate the effects of stress on illness, and individual differences in impact appear to be related to these moderating variables. Social support, or the various types of aid an succor provided by members of one’s social network appear to decrease the negative impact of stress. Having an optimistic style also appears to lead to more effective coping with stress, while pessimistic styles have been related to passive coping and poor health practices. Conscientiousness also appears to be related to increased longevity, possibly be cause being conscientious leads to better health habits. Finally, physiological factors, such as cardiovascular reactivity to stress, appear to play a role in how significant the impact of stress is on an individual. 抑郁与心脏病 抑郁病人的心率比较高； Pratt, et al.(1996)发现，在他13年的临床经验看，在初诊心脏病人中，抑郁的病人是其他类型病人的4倍。 愤怒、悲伤：心率上升； 恐惧、厌恶：心率下降; Stress and immune functioning 免疫反应：lymphocytes（淋巴细胞）的功能，以抵抗外来细菌、滤过性病毒媒体、外物的入侵。 Stress reduced immune activity（动物和人类） Featured study: Connecting Stress to the common cold Cohen Tyrrell(1993) Subjects: 154(men),266(women) Method: X: High- or Low- stress Y: Cold % 结果：高紧张组患病概率更大。 特点：考虑了人格和生活习惯等变量。 人格变量的作用 Stress and health：r=.20s~.30s,(不能说紧张是引起疾病的必然因素)。 人格因素可能起重要作用。 Figure 13.12 The stress-illness correlation.?One or more aspects of personality, physiology, or memory could play the role of a postulated third variable in the relationship between high stress and high incidence of illness. For example, neuroticism may lead some subjects to view more events as stressful and to remember more illness, thus inflating the apparent correlation between stress and illness. Factors moderation the impact of stress Social support(社会支持); Optimism and conscientiousness (责任心) Autonomic reactivity(自主神经的反应性); Social Support(社会支持） Increased immune functioning(Uchino, et al.1999) Higher level of