采煤塌陷对土壤水分损失影响及其机理研究_张欣.pdfVIP

安徽农业科学 , Journal of Anhu i A gri. Sci. 2009 , 37 11 : 5058 - 5062 责任编辑 　章炼红 　责任校对 　卢瑶 采煤塌陷对土壤水分损失影响及其机理研究 1 1 2 张 欣 ,王 健 ,刘彩云 　 1. 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 , 内蒙古呼和浩特 010020; 2. 内蒙古水文总局 , 内蒙古呼和浩特 0 100 10 摘要　摸清采煤塌陷对土壤水分作用是塌陷区退化生态系统恢复、重建的前提 。根据相似可比原则 ,应用空间对比法研究毛乌素沙地 东南缘井工矿 ———补连塔 0 ～100 cm 层土壤含水量对采煤塌陷的响应 ,探索半干旱风沙区采煤塌陷地土壤水分的空间变化 ,为困难立 地土地复垦提供理论指导。试验结果如下:煤矿井工开采形成的裂缝 隙 加剧了土壤水分损失 ,造成塌陷区含水量明显降低 , 3 个试验 样地的土壤水分损失量顺序 : 2005年塌陷区 2004 年塌陷区 未塌陷区。试验样地土壤含水量垂直变化表现为塌陷后 0 ～60 cm 层含 水量明显下降 P 0. 01 ;空间变化表现为塌陷后坡底和丘间低地含水量明显下降 P 0. 01 。开采塌陷加剧土壤水分损失主要是由 于塌陷造成土壤非毛管孔隙增多,促进了土壤水分垂直蒸发;塌陷裂缝 隙 的发育增大了土壤水分侧向蒸发; 同时塌陷错落面的形成也 增大了土壤水分蒸发量 。 关键词　毛乌素沙地 ;采煤沉陷;土壤水分损失;土地复垦 中图分类号　S152. 7　　文献标识码　A　　文章编号　0517 - 6611 2009 11 - 05058 - 05 Influences of Coa l M in ing Subsidence on So il W a ter L oss and Its M echan ism s ZHA NG X in et a l　 In stitu te of W ater R esource s for Pa sturing A rea, M in istry of W ater R e source s, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 0 10020 A b stract　R e search on the influences of coal m in ing sub sidence on soil water is the basis of eco system re storation and recon struction in sub si ding area. W ater content variation of Bu lanta coal m in ing area in southea st Mu U s sand land was analyzed by u sing sp atial contra st m ethod. The re su lts showed coal m in ing sub sidence aggravated soil water lo ss, cau sed water content of sub sidence area to decrea se sign ificantly, e sp e cially from 0 cm to 60 cm , in bottom and dep re ssion of dune. Increa se in the noncap illary sp ace s cau sed by coal m in ing sub sidence acceler ated soil water vertical evaporation, developm ent of crevice cau sed by coal m in ing sub sidence accelerated soil water horizontal evaporation , form ation of sub siding p lane also cau sed soil water evaporation to increa se, wh ich wa s the rea son of coal m in ing sub sidence aggravating soil wa ter lo ss. Key words　Mu U s sand land; Coal m in ing sub sidence; Soil water lo ss; Land reclam ation