杂化轨道英文版.ppt

5.35.4 Valence Bond TheoryHybrid Atomic Orbital Model and Its Application Localization of A Chemical Bond Localization of A Chemical Bond Concept of Chemical Bond Lewis Structures Bond Angles and Atomic Orbital Hybridizations Direction of A Hybrid Atomic OrbitalThrough Linear Combination of p Orbitals Complete Form of Hybrid Atomic Orbitals与s轨道的混合 Normalization of A Hybrid Atomic Orbital Orthogonality of Hybrid AOs Bond Angles Between Two Hybrid AOs Hybrid AO: sp杂化 Hybrid AO: sp2杂化 HAO and SALC Transformation Matrices Localized Molecular Orbital Hybrid AO: sp3杂化 List of C-C and C-H Bond Lengths To Explain the Bond Angles To Explain the Geometry of Noble-gas Compounds To explain Valence Shell Electron Pairs Repulsion Model VSEPR Steps to Decide the Molecular Geometry Molecular Geometry and Electron Pair Numbers In the Case of the Existence of Lone Pairs Summary: Molecular Geometry Prediction BF3 and NH3 Methane, CH4 SN=4, so VSEPR predicts a tetrahedral arrangement of 4 electron pairs. “normal” tetrahedral angle is 109.5 O. Experimental angle in CH4 = 109.5 O (no lone pairs). Ammonia, NH3 Water, H2O VSEPR notes Molecule SN # lone pairs PF5 5 0 SF4 5 1 ClF3 5 2 XeF2 5 3 VSEPR notes PF5 - there are 2 axial and 3 equatorial sites. SF4 – seesaw. ClF3 - the 2 lone pairs occupy equatorial positions to minimize the lone pair - lone pair interaction. XeF2 - similarly, 3 lone pairs in equatorial sites. VSEPR notes Double bonded species The small gaseous molecule SO2, sulfur dioxide, has S in the centre which uses 6 valence electrons SN = 3 ( 1lp, 2 bonding units) non-octet S Idealized shape = trigonal planar Actual shape = angular ( bent) Dipole moment = yes Please try SO32- and SO42- 5.3 Valence Bond Orbitals Non-Equivalent hybridization 5.3 Valence Bond Orbitals Non-Equivalent hybridization 5.3 Valence Bond Orbitals Non-Equivalent hybridization The VSEPR model assu