行政公益诉讼的原告制度的研究.pdf

摘 要 随着我国社会民主化和法治化进程的逐步发展，公民的权利意识日益增长，在 积极提起各种诉讼维护自己的私益之余，一种以维护不特定的大多数人的利益的公 益诉讼近年来也逐渐被提起。各类公益诉讼不时见诸于媒体报道，成为司法实践和 社会生活中讨论的热门话题。相对于民事诉讼和刑事诉讼而言，在行政诉讼中，这 种公益诉讼的特性更加明显。例如，诉请行政机关查处损害公益的行为，诉请撤销 行政机关损害公益的行为，诉请行政机关履行其他维护公共利益的职责，都是非常 典型的公益诉讼。而就公益性的行政诉讼而言，如何确定起诉人的原告资格，界定 原告的起诉范围，能够充分发挥对行政权力的制约和监督作用，真正实现行政诉讼 的价值。 因此，可以认为，行政公益诉讼的原告制度的研究，是构设具体可行的行政公 益诉讼制度的精髓所在。本文围绕此展开探讨，首先对行政公益诉讼及其原告概念 进行辨析，指出行政公益诉讼原告不同于传统的私益诉讼原告的主要特点。随后， 更进一步分析阐述了公益诉讼原告制度的理论基础，并在下一章列举比较了以这些 理论为依据的两大法系主要国家的具体的公益诉讼原告制度。在此基础上，本文最 后一章分析了我国构设行政公益诉讼原告制度的现实可行性和必要性，提出了一些 符合我国现实的具体的设想。 关键词：行政公益诉讼 行政公益诉讼的原告 起诉资格 公民 I Abstract With the development of China’s democracy and nomocracy, our civil right thinking has been increasing. They not only initiate civil or administrative or criminal court action to maintain their rights, but also bring up the public interest litigation in the name of protecting the rights of the masses. All kinds of public interest litigations have been known as a hot topic in recent years by media. In contrast to civil and criminal litigations, it seems that the public interest litigation take an important part in administrative litigation. For example, People like to sue for administrative department to investigate and discharge some actions of damaging public benefit, or ask for administrative department to fulfil their responsibility of protecting public benefit. These are very typical administrative public interest litigations. Considering administrative public interest litigations, who will be a plaintiff is a key problem since it can truly help us to oversee administrative power. To sum up, a study in