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EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE VECTOR BOSONS ,.pdf
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF THE
INTERMEDIATE VECTOR BOSONS
+ - 0
W , W a n d Z .
Nobel lecture, 8 December, 1984
by
CARLO RUBBIA
CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland
1. Introduction
In this lecture I shall describe the discovery of the triplet of elementary
+ -- and Z0 - by far the most massive elementary particles
particles W , W ,
produced with accelerators up to now. They are also believed to be the
propagators of the weak interaction phenomena.
On a cosmological scale, weak interactions play an absolutely fundamental
role. For example, it is the weak process
2 +
p+p+ H + e + ve
that controls the main burning reactions in the sun. The most striking feature
of these phenomena is their small rate of occurrence: at the temperature and
density at the centre of the sun, this burning process produces a heat release
per unit of mass which is only l/100 that of the natural metabolism of the
human body. It is indeed this slowness that makes them so precious, ensuring,
for instance, the appropriate thermal conditions that are necessary for life on
earth. This property is directly related to the very large mass of the W-field
quanta.
Since the fundamental discoveries of Henri Becquerel and of Pierre and
Marie Curie at the end of
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