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Filtering of radar images for geological structural mapping
CatherineMering and Jean-François Parrot
ORSTOM, 213 rue Lafayette, F 75010Paris
Département de Géotectonique, UPMC, 4, place Jusiieu, F 75252 Paris Cedex 05
ABSTRACT
Geological structural features may be described on satellite images as thin lines or contourS.The
extraction of these features is usually performed by enhancement techniques such as filtering and edge
detection. However, radar images being characterized by the presence of speckle noise, the classical
enhancement techniques do not provide good results in this case. We present here two methods of
filteringbased on local transformations of the grey-tonefunction. They provide grey-tone images where
the speckle is removed and the continuity and sharpness of thin structures are preserved. The valuation
of the methods is done by analyzing the binary images resulting from an automatic thresholding of the
filtered images according to two criteria :homogeneity and connectivity.
1. INTRODUCTION
On radar images, topographic variations are enhanced by high contrasts of reflectivity. This property is
very useful for geological structuralmapping based on the recognition of geomorphological objects such
as faults, versant orientations, thalwegs or crest lines. Nevertheless, the speckle noise is one of the
main obstacle for digital processing. As a matter of fact, these images do not contain zones with spatially
uniform reflectivity :for a given grey level threshold,the pixels are generally not contiguous. Therefore,
the classical methods for feature extraction do not provide in this case the satisfactory results obtained
from optical images. We present here a panel of filters having the property of reducing the spec
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