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Forage: How Much do Dairy Cows need in a
Time of Scarcity?
Karen Beauchemin and Wen Yang
Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1,
CANADA
E-mail: beauchemin@agr.gc.ca
Take Home Message
Lack of available good quality forages may prompt some producers to reduce
the proportion of forage in the diet. It is possible to maintain high levels of
production and animal health with low forage diets, however a higher level of
management is required to be successful.
Much more care must be taken in formulating low forage diets, particularly with
barley diets. To prevent ruminal acidosis, starch content of the diet should not
exceed 33%. In most cases, this corresponds to 21 to 23% forage NDF.
Lower levels of forage fiber can be fed, but starch content must also be
adjusted downward. Maintaining adequate forage particle size is critical in low
forage diets.
Introduction
Dairy cows need to consume high-energy diets in order to meet the increasing
demands placed on them to produce large quantities of milk. Consequently,
diets fed to high producing cows tend to be low in fiber, high in starch, and
contain relatively short particles. However, it is critical to balance the need for
high-energy diets with the need to supply adequate fiber, in a form that is
physically effective. Physically effective fiber stimulates the cow to chew and
produce the buffers that neutralize the acids produced during fermentation of
feed. In order for cows to achieve their genetic potential for milk production and
remain healthy, it is critical that the rumen environment be kept healthy. When
the rumen becomes dysfunctional, feed digestion is impaired and cows become
susceptible to a range of metabolic diseases.
The dro
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