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LETTERS
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 4 AUGUST 2013 | DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1958
Global imprint of climate change on marine life
Elvira S. Poloczanska et al.
Past meta-analyses of the response of marine organisms to
climate change have examined a limited range of locations1,2,
taxonomic groups2–4 and/or biological responses5,6 . This has
precluded a robust overview of the effect of climate change
in the global ocean. Here, we synthesized all available studies
of the consistency of marine ecological observations with
expectations under climate change. This yielded a meta-
database of 1,735 marine biological responses for which
either regional or global climate change was considered as
a driver. Included were instances of marine taxa responding
as expected, in a manner inconsistent with expectations, and
taxa demonstrating no response. From this database, 81–83%
of all observations for distribution, phenology, community
composition, abundance, demography and calcification across
taxa and ocean basins were consistent with the expected
impacts of climate change. Of the species responding to climate
change, rates of distribution shifts were, on average, consistent
with those required to track ocean surface temperature
changes. Conversely, we did not find a relationship between
regional shifts in spring phenology and the seasonality of
temperature. Rates of observed shifts in species’ distributions
and phenology are comparable to, or greater, than those for
terrestrial systems.
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