《一种社会相关的科学哲学：来源于立场论的争议性（英文）》.pdf

A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory’s Controversiality SANDRA HARDING Feminist standpoint theory remains highly controversial: it is widely advocated, used to guide research and justify its results, and yet is also vigorously denounced. This essay argues that three such sites of controversy reveal the value of engaging with standpoint theory as a way of rel ecting on and debating some of the most anxiety- producing issues in contemporary Western intellectual and political life. Engaging with standpoint theory enables a socially relevant philosophy of science. Standpoint theory reemerged in the 1970s and 1980s as a feminist epistemol- ogy, philosophy of science, sociology of knowledge, and methodology.1 It had received enthusiastic attention in the social sciences by 1979 (see Westkott 1979), and subsequently has been widely used and advocated there, though not without controversy. It has become especially inl uential in sociology and political science, which is not surprising since these are the disciplinary homes of Dorothy Smith (1987, 1990a, 1990b) and Nancy Hartsock (1983/2003), two of its most inl uential early authors (see Campbell and Manicom 1995; Kenney and Kinsella 1997). Several feminists working close to the natural sciences also have been engaging with and developing standpoint themes for close to two decades (see, for example, Haraway 1978, 1981, 1983, 1991; Harding 1986, 1991, 1998; Hard- ing and Hintikka 1983/2003; Rose 1983, 1984; Wylie 1987, 2003; Wylie and Okruhlik 1987). Yet the sta