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Labour Standards as a Justification
Labour Standards as a Justification
for Trade Barriers:
for Trade Barriers:
Consumer Concerns, Protectionism
Consumer Concerns, Protectionism
and the Evidence
and the Evidence
Samira Bakhshi
Department of Bioresource Policy, Business and Economics
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
and
William A. Kerr
Van Vliet Professor
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Presented at the joint CAES-CATPRN Workshop – Quebec City, October 23, 2009
Labour Costs and
Labour Costs and
Protectionism
Protectionism
• Seeking protection against low cost
labour is as old as trade policy
• Many grandfathered protectionist
measures in the GATT have their roots
in protection against low cost labour
• In agriculture – combinations of low cost
labour and agronomic advantages (e.g.
sugar, cotton, rice).
• New measures against low cost labour
largely denied at GATT
Labour Standards and
Labour Standards and
Protectionism
Protectionism
• With protection against low cost labour
largely denied in GATT, protectionist
efforts have moved to labour standards
issues
• A historical artefact has kept labour
standards off the GATT/WTO agenda
Multilateral jurisdiction over labour standards
belongs to the International Labour Organization
(ILO)
The only WTO provisions for imposition of trade
barriers is in the case of Prison Labour (Article
XX(g)
Labour Standards and
Labour Standards and
Protectionism
Protectionism
• A number of labour standard convent
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