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Paper 1.1: Gauja
Legislative Regulation, Judicial Politics and the Cartel
Party Model
Anika Gauja
Department of Government and International Relations
School of Social and Political Sciences
Room 443, Merewether Building
The University of Sydney
NSW 2006 Australia
anika.gauja@.au
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of political
parties as competitors in, and as new entrants to, the electoral contest. The paper focuses
on laws that regulate both ballot access and the registration of political parties as ‘official’
electoral actors. It explores the ways in which these laws are used as ‘gatekeeper’ provisions
to control the degree of party competition in any given electoral system, and how specific
laws (although applying equally to all parties) might privilege some parties (for example,
incumbents) over others. The paper does not address the design of electoral systems, but
rather ancillary provisions such as the minimum number of members required to register a
party, levels of public support needed to gain ballot access and other structural
requirements (for example, accounting rules) that politi
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