语音知的识.doc

Sth about phonetics.关于语音的几个概念 ????????? 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, ????????? 2)音标：词的语音形式。 ????????? 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 ????????? 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand ????????? 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 ????????? 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 ????????? 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi ????????? 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it ????????? 9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 元音：(20) ????????? 1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling ????????? 2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth? ????????? 3)[e] bed, desk, head,? ????????? 4)[?] bad, land, bank, stamp? ????????? 5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt? ????????? 6)[?] hot, want? ????????? 7)[ ?:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught? ????????? 8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,? ????????? 9)[u] look, put, women, could? ????????? 10)[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough? ????????? 11)[?:] girl, work, serve, nurse? ????????? 12)[?] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday? ????????? 13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,? ????????? 14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye? ????????? 15)[?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow? ????????? 16)[au] house, town? ????????? 17)[?i] boy, oil? ????????? 18)[i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,? ????????? 19)[ε?] pear, care, there, fair? ????????? 20)[u?] tour, poor, 辅音(28) ??????? 1)[p] pen,? ??????? 2)[b] bed, comb? ??????? 3)[t] tell,? ??????? 4)[d], day, played, wanted? ??????? 5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box? ??????? 6)[g] big, go, guess, language? ??????? 7)[m] man? ??????? 8)[n] nine, knife, autumn? ??????? 9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,? ??????? 10)[l] land, world? ??????? 11)[r] read, write,? ??????? 12)[f] five, cough, laugh? ??????? 13)[v] voice, of? ??????? 14)[θ] think,? ??????? 15)[ e] this, bathe? ??????? 16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf? ??????? 17)[z] zoo, close,? ??????? 18)[∫] sure, she,