汉英翻译的文化策略(一)精要.ppt

Cultural issues in C-E translatoin --Strategies and methods(1) Experience in culture 1. Please give some examples of culture. 2. Please give some examples of cultural translation. Culture and its composition Edward B. Tylor: Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Tylor 1924 [orig. 1871]:1) Edward B. Tylor. 1924. [orig. 1871] Primitive Culture. 2 vols. 7th ed. New York: Brentanos. Peter Newmark The way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to one speech community. Newmark P. 2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 美国著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达将语言文化特性分五类： 　　1 . Ecology生态学，　　2． Material Culture物质文化，　　3． Social Culture社会文化，　　4． Religious Culture宗教文化，　　5． Linguistic Culture语言文化。 文化三层次 文化包括三个层次的内容： (1)物质文化，如建筑物、服饰、食品、工具等； (2)制度习俗文化，包括制度、法规，以及相应的设施和风俗习惯等； (3)精神文化，包括价值观念、思维方式、宗教信仰等，也包括哲学、科学、文学艺术方面的成就和产品。 The importance of the role of culture in translation To be bilingual, one has to be bicultural. For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualim. 对于成功的翻译来说，双文化水平比双语言水平更重要。（Nida,2001:82） It is not surprising that the most serious mistakes in translation are made because of ignorance about the views and values of other culture. 翻译中大部分重要的错误是由于对其他文化的观点和价值的无知造成的。（Nida,2001:286） Nida. E.A.2001 Language and Culture: Context in Translating. 上外出版社/外教社 在处理文化因素中的两种策略 1 . 异化(foreignization; alienation)：以源语文化为中心，以源作者为中心，注意点在于将源语文化传递给译语读者，以促进文化的交流。缺点：增加译语读者理解的难度，阅读的速度、节奏也会受到影响。 2. 归化(domesticatioin; adaptation)：以译入语文化为中心，以读者为中心，将源语文化经过整理，然后以译入语中较为现成的、熟悉的、易于接受的形式出现。缺点：丧失了源语的异国特色。 Schleiermacher Schleiermacher(2006/1813) puts forth two methods for translators: Either the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader toward him, or he leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author toward him. Of which he favor