ch经济问题资料.ppt

* * 复习思考题 1、鲁滨逊每小时可以摘10个椰子或捕1条鱼，他的朋友“星期五”每小时可以摘30个椰子或捕2条鱼。请问：鲁滨逊捕捞1条鱼的机会成本是多少？星期五捕捞1条鱼的机会成本是多少？谁在捕捞鱼方面有绝对优势？谁在捕捞鱼方面有比较优势？ * * 复习思考题 2、画一张循环流量图。指出模型中分别对应于下列活动的物品与劳务流向和货币流向的部分。 （1）Selena向店主支付1美元买了1升牛奶 （2）Stuart在快餐店工作，每小时赚4.5美元 （3）Shanna花30美元理发 （4）Sally凭借他在Top公司10%的股权赚到了1万美元。 * * 3 假设农民和牧牛人每人每天工作8小时，并可以把这个时间用于种土豆、养牛或两者的组合上。农民用15分钟生产1盎司土豆，用60分钟生产1盎司牛肉。牧牛人用10分钟生产1盎司土豆，用20分钟生产1盎司牛肉。 请问：(1)、谁在生产牛肉上有绝对优势？ (2)、 谁在生产土豆上有绝对优势？ (3)、牧牛人生产1盎司牛肉的机会成本是多少？生产1盎司土豆的机会成本是多少？ (4)、农民生产1盎司牛肉的机会成本是多少？生产1盎司土豆的机会成本是多少？ (5)、如何交易可以使他们都获利？ * The point of this short section is to lay the groundwork for the next chapter on demand and supply. You can cover it fast or you can use it as a peg on which to hang a discussion of some of the big-picture of the underpinnings of our subject. Some examples follow: The “Invisible Hand”: How self-interested individuals promote prosperity for all. Explain that in economics, we take human nature as given (in contrast to political science, philosophy and some other fields) and assume that people are self-interested. Note if you wish that self-interest does not mean selfish. If everyone is self-interested, how are people encouraged to specialize and exchange to promote prosperity for all? Building on the Tom and Nancy example in the chapter, you can explain how specialization and exchange achieves a higher standard of living that does self sufficiency. So self interest promotes specialization and exchange. But for specialization and exchange to work, people must be able to trade. That is why property rights and markets are so crucial. Property Rights and Markets: The key to promoting socially beneficial activity. To reap the gains from specialization, people need access to markets in which voluntary exchange can take place. Markets work only if property rights are established and enforced. 三、经济增长 生产可能性的扩张—以及生活水平的提高—被称之为经济增长（ economic growth ）。 影响经济增长的两个关键因素: 技术变革 资本积累 技术变革（Technological change）是新产品开发与生产产品与服务更好的方法。 资本积累（Capit