膳食结构影响精神状态（英文）.pdf

Activation of Central Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons by Dietary Amino Acids Mahesh M. Karnani,1 John Apergis-Schoute,1 Antoine Adamantidis,2 Lise T. Jensen,3 Luis de Lecea,4 Lars Fugger,5 and Denis Burdakov1,* 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK 2Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal (Quebec) H4H 1R3, Canada 3Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark 4School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 5Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK *Correspondence: dib22@cam.ac.uk DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.027 SUMMARY The central orexin/hypocretin (orx/hcrt) network is critical for regulating arousal, feeding, reward-seeking, and autonomic Hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin (orx/hcrt) neurons function (de Lecea et al., 2006; Sakurai, 2007; Kuwaki, 2011). regulate energy balance, wakefulness, and reward; Orexins/hypocretins are peptide transmitters that in mammalian their loss produces narcolepsy and weight gain. brains are produced exclusively by a small group of cells Glucose can lower the activity of orx/hcrt cells, but located in the lateral hypothalamic area (de Lecea et al., 1998; whether other dietary macronutrients have similar Sakurai et al., 1998). From this restricted location, orx/hcrt effects is unclear. We show that orx/hcrt cells are neurons project widely to innervate most of the brain, with major