后现代女性主义学观探析.pdf

摘要 女性主义在20世纪60年代末70年代初介入科学领域，以其独特的性别关注 打开一个崭新的文化视角。她们试图发展出一种新的、女性主义的认识论，以替 代传统的男性中心的认识论模式，重建知识体系。经验论和立场论的女性主义对 传统科学进行了不同程度、不同方面的批判，但均遭到种种质疑。 20世纪80年代后期在女性主义内部出现了一种后现代转向的趋势。女性主义 与后现代主义相遇后，进过不断相互认同摩擦，形成了后现代女性主义——一种 独特的女性主义认识论。后现代女性主义认为理性和知识不是中立的力量，而是 依赖社会关系，包括性别关系的。同时利用“后现代方法”对科学进行了更深入 的批判，她们对是否存在一个“整体科学”进行质疑，指出科学存在于具体化的 实践中，科学是负载故事的。“赛博格宣言”和“转基因食品的文化解读”更是强 调了一个“多元、没有清楚边界、冲突、非本质”的主体概念，这使人们充分认 识到身份、性别、科学、自然是正在不断构成和重新组成的。后现代女性主义认 识论展示了一种新的可能性，使科学批判的面貌焕然一新。 关键词：女性主义；科学观；后现代；后现代女性主义 I Abstract Feminism intervened science field at the end of 1960s and the beginning of 1970s. It opened a new cultural perspective in its unique way of concerning sex. They tried to develop a new and feminist epistemology to replace the traditional mode of androcentrism epistemology, and reestablish science and knowledge system. Feminist expiricism and feminist standpoint criticized the stream of science from different aspects, but they had many questions. At the end of 1980s, there was a trend of postmodern turn inside feminism. After feminism encountered postmodern and they contradicted and mixed each other, postmodern feminism- an unique feminist epistemology emerged. Postmodern feminism thought rationality and knowledge were not neutral, but depended on society and sex relationship. In “a postmodern way”, they criticized science more deeply. They doubted on whether there was a “whole science”, and pointed that science was in localized practices and story-laden. “A manifesto for Cyborgs” and ”a cultural reading of genetic modified food” laid special emphasis on “a plural. no clear boundary. conflicting and non-essential subject”, which made people know that status. science. nature were constructi