DefinitionofProcurement分析.ppt

* Definition of Procurement 采购的定义 Every?organization,whether?it?is?a?manufacture,wholesaler,or?retailer,buys?materials,services,and?supplies?to?support?operations . 每个组织,无论是生产、批发商或零售商,购买材料,支持服务和供应业务。 Historically,purchasing has been perceived as a clerical or low-level managerial activity charged with responsibility to execute and process orders initiated elsewhere in the organization. 以前，人们普遍认为采购是一种事务性的活动，属于低层次的管理活动，其职责仅仅是执行和处理公司其他部门所制定的订单。 The role of purchasing was to obtain the desired resource at the lowest possible purchase price . 采购的作用是以最低的价格获得所需的资源。 This traditional view of purchasing has charged substantially in the past several decades . 这种传统观点的采购已经在过去的几十年里基本上可能引起激烈反应。 The modern focus is on total cost and the development of relationships between buyers and sellers . 现代的重点是总成本与买家和卖家之间的关系的发展。 As a result,procurement has been elevated to a strategic activity . 其结果是，采购已经上升为一个具有战略意义的活动。 The increasing importance of procurement can be attributed to several factors . 采购的日益重要性可以归因于几个因素。 The most basic of these factors has been the recognition of the substantial dollar spent for purchase of a typical organization and the potential dollar savings from viable procurement strategy . 其中，最基本的原因在于企业开始意识到采购支出的金额非常巨大，而使用可行的采购策略则可以节约大量资金。 The simple fact is that purchased goods and services are among the largest cost elements for most firms . 一个简单的事实是，购买的商品和服务是大多数公司最大的成本因素。 In the average manufacturing firm in North America , purchased goods and services account for approximately 55 cents of every sales dollar . 在北美地区的平均制造企业，采购的商品和服务占大约55美分每美元的销售额。 By way of contrast , the average expense of direct labor in the manufacturing process accounts for about 10 cents of each sales dollar . 对比,直接劳动力在生产过程的平均费用约占10美分每美元的销售额。 While the percentage spent on purchased inputs varies considerably across manufacturing industries , it is clear that the potential savings form strategic management of procurement can be substantial .虽然在不同制造业中，实际购买费用存在较大的差异，但是毋庸置疑的是，对采购进行战略管理将有