优秀毕业论文汇编自升式海洋生活钻井平台舱底水与生活污水防污染系统综合设.doc

自升式海洋生活钻井平台舱底水与生活污水防污染系统综合设计 [摘要] 海洋生活平台在生产生活过程中会产生各类污染，对海洋带来了较大的污染，直接或间接给人类的生活带来了各种危害。随着海洋环境污染的日益严重和公众环保意识的不断增强，国际上的各类防污染公约对海洋平台污水处理及排放要求越来越高，执行也越来越严格，海洋平台防污染系统的设计和使用面临了严峻的挑战。设计中简单的介绍了海洋平台的发展概况，并针对船舶轮机手册中对舱底水系统和生活污水系统管路的各项规定，详细阐述了本平台舱底水及生活污水的收集、处理及排放系统的设计。根据平台的具体布置和各类防污公约、规范及协议中对平台防污系统的要求，为平台配置了符合规范要求的防污设备。整个系统根据不同污染物有不同排放要求的特点，对其进行了分类收集、处理，使平台工作中所产生的各类污染得到有力的控制，满足排放标准要求甚至零排放，达到减少海洋平台对海洋造成污染的目的。 [关键词] 海洋生活平台；防污系统；排放标准；海洋污染 [Abstract] Marine life living platform will produce various types of pollution in the production process, it brought a large pollution to marine and directly or indirectly brought a variety of hazards to human life. With the increasing of marine pollution and the growing awareness of environmental protection, International Convention on marine pollution prevention for the Sewage treatment and disposal of offshore platform more and more stringent, the anti-pollution system’s design and use is facing serious challenges. The design simply introduced the overview of development of offshore platform, according to the platform’s specific design and layout, and the requirement of anti-pollution system in various anti-pollution conventions, norms and agreements, against the provisions of Bilge Water System’s and Sewage system’s pipeline in the Handbook of Marine, it detailed elaborate bilge water and sewage’s collection, treatment and disposal on this platform. The whole system according to different emissions requirements to separate collection and treatment, and let the different types of pollution on the platform are effective controlled, for meeting the emission standards and even zero-emission, and prevent marine pollution which made by platform. [Key words] platform；anti-pollution system；emission standards；ocean pollution1.1海洋环境的现状 随着资源、能源的日趋紧张与各国能源需求迅猛增长，在21世纪世界各国将更多的依赖几乎未被开发的海洋。我国沿海海域已建成海上工作平台数百座，这些平台（包括固定式和移动式平台以及浮动式储油装置）在满足能源开发需求的同时，也带来了海上安全和环境污染的问题。 自上世纪50年代以来，随着我国社会经济和科技的迅猛发展，海洋受到了来自各方面不同程度的污染和破坏，海洋环境日益恶化尤其是近岸海域污染严重，给人类的生存和发展带来了极为不利的后果。据《中国