第四讲：语篇的衔接和连贯.ppt

Halliday and Hasan (1976) analyze four major kinds of conjunction clauses in English Additive (typically marked with “and”); Adversative (marked with words such as “but”); Causal (marked with “because” or “so,” etc.); Temporal (markers such as “and” or “and then”). Examples: Harry is good at making oral presentations and he also writes very well. Harry is good at making oral presentations, but he is terrible with written reports. Harvey is good at making oral presentations, because he took a training program in presentations last year. Harvey gave a good oral presentation, then he ruined his chances with a bad written report. According to Halliday and Hasan, Lexical cohesion includes the following devices: repetition, synonymy antonymy, collocation, etc. Michale McCarthy (1991) claims that the relations between vocabulary items in text described by Halliday and Hasan are of two principal kinds: reiteration and collocation. Based on Halliday Hasan, Michale McCarthy, and Hu Zhuanglin, we propose that lexical cohesion have the following devices: reiteration, general word, synonymy, antonymy and collocation. 5. Lexical cohesion 词汇衔接 词汇衔接 词汇衔接指语篇中出现的一部分词汇相互之间存在语义上的联系，或重复，或由其他词语替代，或共同出现。在一文中重现与原文一致的词汇衔接是不可能的，这就要求寻找一组巧妙的词汇衔接来替代原文中的词汇衔接。 a.重复 b.泛指词 c.同义词 d.反义词 e.上下义关系搭配 同义词 （中华民族洗雪了百年耻辱, 振奋了民族精神,）感到无比的骄傲和自豪。 相对于英语而言, 在一般语篇中汉语的同义词并列现象比较多, 它们译成英语后往往只用一个词便可以表达意义 译文: It has wiped out the century-old humiliation of the Chinese nation and activated the national spirit, and we are very proud of it. 同样, 单个英语单词也可以译成并列的同义词来加强生动性。 We must have this ambition. 译文: 我们就是要有这个雄心壮志. 上下义关系 You will need to take some tools with you; you can get a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver from big department stores. 你得随身带上锤子、锯子和起子, 这些工具从百货商店就能买到。 搭配 虽然中国妇女在平等方面取得了巨大的进步,但还未完全实现平等就业机会。 译文: It is true that Chinese women have made enormous strides toward equality. But the goals of equal opportunity of employment for women have not been fully realized. “实现平等就业机会” realize/ accom