翻译理论与实践_英译汉课件.pptVIP

翻译理论与实践 英译汉 Translation, Translating, and Translators What is translation? How to translate? (Behind the techniques) What makes a qualified professional translator? What is translation? Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language (the source text) and the production, in another language, of an equivalent text (the target text, or translation) that communicates the same message. Eugene A. Nida Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Alexander Fraser Tytler A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Jakobson (1959):Three Types of Translation Intralinguistic: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language Interlinguistic(translation proper):an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of some other language Intersemiotic:an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign system Foreignization and Domestication 异化:指在翻译方法上迁就外来文化的特点,吸纳外语表达方式. 归化:指恪守本族文化的语言传统，回归地道的本族语表达方式。 评述：归化vs. 异化？ Spring, the sweet spring is the year’s pleasant king. ——T. Nash 春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜。——郭沫若 原诗中的king是一般性说法，没有任何特殊的文化色彩，可是一旦变成了中国古代和平盛世代名词“尧舜”，就染上了强烈的汉民族色彩。 评述：归化vs.异化？ Curiosity enough, he prophesied with oracular accuracy to the amazement of all. 说也奇怪，他像诸葛亮一样，料事如神，大家都惊讶不止。 “oracular” 的名词形式是“oracle”，在希腊神话中指“神示、神启”。这个译文中使用“诸葛亮”的人物典故太随意。 说也奇怪，他料事真准，像神启一样应验，让所有的人都惊讶不止。 在翻译中正确的做法 坚持“和而不同”（孔子语）的原则。“和”是为了不造成译语读者误解和费解；“不同”就是要尽量保持原文有代表性差异特征； 为了保留原文代表性差异，采用“直译夹注”、“直译加注”的方法。 如果“异化”的译法可能造成译语读者的误解，为了在深层语义或语用意义对等，不妨采用“归化”的处理。 异化、归化举例 You’ve got to have faith up your sleeve, otherwise you won’t succeed. 你必须袖里藏有自信，否则你不会成功（异化） 你必须有锦囊妙计，否则你不会成功（归化） 你必须心中充满自信，否则你不会成功的（“和而不同”） Some Examples of Do