电动汽车基本知识资料.ppt

电动汽车Electric Vehicle 袁 春 ych317@163.com 主要内容 1、发展电动汽车缘由 2、电动汽车研发现状 3、结构及工作原理 4、电动汽车关键技术 5、燃料电池电动汽车 1.发展电动汽车缘由 自汽车发明以来，汽车的动力主要依赖于石油，由此燃烧产生的废气对大气的污染日益严重，越来越严格的汽车废气排放控制法规正在颁布和实施。 在能源方面，世界石油储量占能源总储量的13％，据世界能源理事会预测，按目前的石油开采速度，世界石油的开采只能支撑30多年。显然，汽车制造业必须由利用危害生态环境的单一能源向开发使用多种能源、加强环境保护方面转变。 1.发展电动汽车缘由 2000年世界人口大约60亿，但2050年人口将增加到100亿，从而汽车数量将从7亿增加到25亿。 如果车辆都使用内燃机，石油哪里来？排气污染如何处理？迫使人们去寻找可持续发展的交通工具。 面对节能与环保的双重压力，近几年，国内外各国主要将研究方向锁定在替代燃料汽车（醇类、天然气、氢气等）和电动汽车两个主要方向。 1.发展电动汽车缘由 我国已成为世界第二石油进口大国。2005年，中国日消费原油约673万桶,其中40%是2700多万辆民用汽车消耗的。按照现在汽车年耗汽油的平均增长速度，中国汽车到2030年耗油将达2.63亿吨，进口比例将达84%，远远高于30%的安全警戒线。 截止到2007年6月底，北京市机动车保有量达273万辆，居国内之首，年均增长率为15%左右，预计07年年底将突破300万辆。汽车在给人们的日常出行带来极大方便的同时，也引起了环境污染、噪声污染和石油紧张等问题。 电动汽车优点 Advantages of electric vehicles Electric motors are mechanically very simple, and release almost no air pollutants at the place where they are operated. Electric motors often achieve 90% energy conversion efficiency over the full range of speeds and power output and can be precisely controlled. They can also be combined with regenerative braking systems that have the ability to convert movement energy back into stored electricity. This can be used to reduce the wear on brake systems (and consequent brake pad dust) and reduce the total energy requirement of a trip, especially effective for start-and-stop city use. Advantages of electric vehicles They can be finely controlled and provide high torque from rest, unlike internal combustion engines, and do not need multiple gears to match power curves. This removes the need for gearboxes and torque converters. Another advantage is that electric vehicles typically have less vibration and noise pollution than a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, whether it is at rest or in motion. Electricity is a form of energy that remains within the continent where it was produced and can be multi-sourced. As a result it gives the greatest degree of energy resilience . The GM Volt will cost less than purchasing a cup of your favorite