城市化对上海市区域降水的影响(水文).doc

城市化对上海市区域降水的影响 殷健1 梁珊珊2 (1. 上海市水文总站,上海,200232 2. 上海市排水管理处,上海,200001) [摘要]随着城市化进程加快，城市局地气候特征发生改变，降水的变化尤为显著。采用同时期不同站横向对比，不同时期同站纵向对比的方法对上海市城区及郊区代表雨量站1979－2007年降水时间序列进行研究，分析表明城区的年降雨量、汛期降雨量、主汛期降雨量、月降雨量、工作日降雨量等均存在较明显的增雨效应，且降雨在年内的分配有向主汛期集中的趋势，城区的梅雨及台风雨增雨明显，城市化对不同类型降雨的影响随降水量级的升高而逐渐显著。城市化使城区的强对流及灾害性天气增多，防洪排涝压力增大，在进行城市规划时应充分予以考虑。 [关键词]城市化 降水 时间序列分析 增雨系数 上海市 Influence of urbanization on regional precipitation of Shanghai City Jian Yin1 Shanshan Liang2 (1 The hydrological master station in Shanghai, 200232,China 2 Shanghai Municipal Drainage Administration , 200001, China) [Abstract] With the accelerated process of urbanization, some characteristics of climate in shanghai has changed, the Precipitation change is particularly significant. By comparing rural precipitation with urban precipitation at representative station in different periods, based on the analysis of annual rainfall time series analysis, we can know that Citys annual rainfall, the rainfall season, the main flood season rainfall, the rainfall on that day rainfall, and so there is more pronounced effect of rainfall, The distribution of rainfall this year has focused on the main flood season trend, the rainy weather and rainfall to Taiwan obviously, distribution of annual rainfall and he frequency of all patterns of rainfall precipitation has increased. Urbanization of the city so that the strong convective weather and the increased pressure of flood control drainage, town planning should be fully taken into account. [Key words]urbanization precipitation time series analysis precipitation-enhancement coefficient Shanghai city 1 引言 城市化是指人口向城市地区集中，致使城市区域不断扩大的过程[1]。随着城市化进程的加快，城市规模不断扩大，城市人口不断增加，城市土地利用格局迅速变化。城市下垫面结构改变及人类经济活动加剧共同作用从而直接或间接影响着城市气候的动态变化，对城市局地气候特征产生明显作用，尤其是对降水的变化影响显著[2]。 上海是我国最大的城市和经济中心，地处长江三角洲东缘，位于我国南北海岸的中心，北界长江，东濒东海，南临杭州湾，西接江苏、浙江两省。全市面积6340.5km2。上海位于太湖流域，区域天然河港密布，水域面积697 km2，相当于全市总面积的11%。全境除西南部有少数残丘外，全为坦荡低平的长江三角洲冲击平原的一部分，平均海拔高度4m左右。 上海属亚热带季风气候，四季分明，温和湿润，雨量充沛，其气候特征在长江和钱塘江之间平原地区具一定代表性。