Lecture_1_Introducing_Language.pptVIP

Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language(ideational概念功能，interpersonal人际功能，textualfunction语篇功能 The author of the textbook：informative信息功能 interpersonal function人际功能 performative施为功能（可改变人的社会地位，如婚礼、判刑；在某些宗教仪式中可以延伸到对事物的控制,如“碎碎平安”），emotive function E.G.swear words,phatic communion,recreational function如，对歌，metalingual function By Li Jinglian jinglianli@ O） Linguistics：An Introduction Main Contents Language and Linguistics Phonetics语音学，发音学 Phonology音律学，语言体系 Morphology词法，词态学 Syntax句法学 Semantics语义学 Pragmatics语用论 Teaching schedule 14 weeks for lectures covering the above contents 1 week for review 1 week for questions Examination 20% for attendance+class performance+homework 80% for the final examination, which may include 1) Filling in the blanks填空 2) True or false判断 3) Defining the terms下定义 4) Short questions简答 5) Questions问答 Lecture 1 Introducing Language 1. What is Language？ Symbol符号 Vocal有声的 Arbitrary任意的 System体系 Human communication交际 Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 语言是用作人际交流的任意的有声符号 Betrand Russel No matter how eloquently善辩地 a dog may bark, he cannot tell you that his parents were poor but honest. Question What makes human language different from animal language? 2. Design Features of Language The features that define our human languages can be called design features which can distinguish human language from any animal system of communication. Arbitrariness任意 Duality二元性 Creativity创造性 Displacement 移位 Arbitrariness任意 There is no logical connection/innate relations between meanings and sounds.音和意 Saussure Duality二元性 Language has two levels of structures: sound and meaning. The sounds can combine with one another to form units(e.g.words) that have meanings. Creativity创造性 The creativity of Language comes from duality 二元性 and recursiveness.递归性 create endless sentences E.G.he bought a book which was written