7英汉语言比较1.ppt

英汉语言比较 词汇比较 Translation and Discussion 1. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced Saturday that the United States and Israel lost their voting rights at the organization for not paying due contributions since November 2011. The U.S. and Israel stopped to pay their dues to the UN cultural organization in protest of UNESCOs decision to accept Palestine as its 195th member. 2. In ABCs Jimmy Kimmel Live show aired on Oct. 16, a boy shouted, Kill everyone in China! when Kimmel asked how the United States should do about the 1.3 trillion U.S. dollars debt owed to China. Kimmel laughed and said, Thats an interesting idea. 你认为英汉词汇有何区别？体现在哪些方面？举例说明 英汉名词的主要差异与比较 名词（noun）：是用来表示人、地和事物的名称的。英汉名词特点基本相同。但用法有一定差异，简单对比如下： 1. 就词类而言，英语以名词占优势，倾向于多用名词。 例如： Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科学的探索、知识的追求，使人类获得了避免天灾人祸的实力。 2.语言学家帕特里奇（Eric Partridge）认为，将动词转化为名词乃是英语中极普遍、极有效的构词方法。名词与动词之间的互相转化，正是英语的独特之处。 例如： I gave the situation a big think for about two seconds. The film is an absolute must-see. The appearance of the book on the market caused a sensation. 英汉名词的主要差异与比较 3. 英语十分重视名词的分类。 1) 专有名词（第一个字母要大写）China, America, London 2)普通名词 可数名词：集体名词: army, class, people 个体名词: book, day, hand 不可数名词：物质名词：water, milk, money 抽象名词：work, liberation, unity 翻译中的注意事项： 1）有些名词兼属可数不可数两类，翻译时要注意区分 试比较： A) She bought chicken and turkey. B) She keeps chickens and turkeys. A) Give me a slip of paper. B) Have you read Dr. Wright’s papers? A) We discussed the matter over a bottle of wine. B) This is a strong wine. 英汉名词的主要差异与比较 2) 英语名词有数的范畴，汉语名词没有，翻译时应加以变通。可以加词尾“们”，或加量词。 Ladies and gentlemen 女士们，先生们 Brothers 兄弟们 a pen 一支笔；a fish 一条鱼； two flowers 两朵花； three children 三个小孩 3）英译汉时， 要注意有些名词的单复数具有不同的含义。 试比较： air 空气 airs 装腔作势； minute 分钟 minutes 会议记录； time 时间 times 时代； work 工作 works 著作，工厂 英