毕业论文-高血压护理(卢宗芹)要点讲解.doc

高血压病患者的护理措施 2013级护理专科 卢宗芹 【摘要】 高血压病是指在静息状态下动脉收缩压和/或舒张压增高(≥140/90mmHg），常伴有脂肪和糖代谢紊乱以及心、脑、肾和视网膜等器官功能性或器质性改变。分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压。由于部分高血压患者并无明显的临床症状，高血压又被称为人类健康的“无形杀手”。探讨在对高血压病患者的临床护理方法，方法对72例高血压患者进行心理护理、有氧运动指导、饮食指导、合理用药、帮助有效戒烟等，真正提高自我生活质量，远离病痛的折磨，高质量的生活。病情好转出院，有效率达96%。结论 高血压病除了药物治疗外，心理护理和健康教育也不可忽视，对患者提供心理护理和健康教育，是一项很重要的护理工作，对高血压患者实施整体护理及饮食指导将会减少患者病情加重或反复发作的风险，因此提高对高血压病的认识，对早期预防、及时治疗有极其重要的意义。 【Abstract】The hypertension means that systolic and/ or diastolic blood pressures are increasing (=140/90mmHg)during resting state, often accompanied by fat and glucose metabolic disorder, functional and organic changes of organs such as heart, brain, kidneys and others as well. High blood pressure can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Because clinical symptoms of part of hypertensive patients are no obvious, high blood pressure also known as invisible killers to human health. To discuss the clinical nursing methods of hypertensive patients, we guide 72 hypertensive patients to do psychological nursing, aerobic exercise, dietary instruction, rational using of drugs and give up smoking effectively. The patient was discharged with a better health condition with effective rate reaches 96%.Conclusion: The experience of holistic nursing and dietary instruction on hypertensive patients will reduce the risk of deteriorating the symptoms or recurrent, therefore, we should raise the awareness of hypertension, which has extremely important meaning to early prevention and timely treatment. 【关键词】高血压 护理措施 高血压是一种世界性的常见疾病，患者临床上以体循环动脉压增高为主。高血压的病因迄今尚未阐明，主要与年龄大小、职业属性、所在环境、遗传基因、食盐量及体重因素相关，普遍认为，高级神经中枢功能下降在并发症中占重要地位，而体液、内分泌因素及肾脏等也在并发症中呈现。经常反复的过度劳累与精神刺激使大脑皮层功能混乱，从而影响了对大脑皮层下血管舒缩中枢的正常运行，形成了以血管收缩带来的神经冲动为主导的兴奋中枢，最终导致细小动脉痉挛，外周血管产生阻力，血压升高。2002年我国成人高血压患病率为18.8%，全国居民现患高血压2亿人，每10个成人中有2人是高血压，约占全球高血压总人数的1/5。高血压患病率仍存在地域差异，北方局部地区人群高血压患病率高达30%。调查显示35岁以上居民的高血压患病率为31.2%。高血压患病率上升势头仍在持续，但人群高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率较低，2010年调查以上三率分别为50%、40%、10%。由于高血压等危险因素控制不佳，心血管病发生和死亡率居高不下