Unit three Middle Age.ppt

Unit three Middle Age 1. General Introduction 11. Feudalism 1. The Manor 封建庄园 2. Knighthood (骑兵身份)and code of Chivalry( 骑兵制度) III. Church in Middle Age 1. The organization of church 2.The power and influence of the Catholic Church V. The Crusades( 十字军东侵) VI. Art and Architecture 1. General Introduction In 476A.D, the last Emperor of Rome was done away with by one of the Germanic(日尔曼） tribe, so West Rome was completely over. In European history, the thousand -year period（ 476AD—1453AD) from the fall of western Rome to Renaissance is called the Middle Ages. It is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. Middle Ages is also called “Dark Ages”, because after Uncivilized Germanics conquered the Rome, they made both people’s living standard and spiritual standard drop to a very low point. That’s a kind of “countermarch of civilization”. The middle Ages is also called the “ Age of Faith” (1)During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church. It continued to gain widespread power and influence (2) In the late Middle Ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the church. (3)Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art and learning for hundred years. It shaped people’s lives , That is why the Middle Ages is also called “ Age of Faith”. 从公元476年西罗马的灭亡到15世纪中世纪结束（大约1000年），被称为“中世纪”。长期以来“中世纪”在许多人眼中是“黑暗”的代名词。的确，相对于希腊-罗马式的文明和文化而言，中世纪的社会是一种退步，无论是社会的物质文化水平，还是人们的精神生活水平都下降到了及其低下的水平，文明出现了倒退。 其次，基督教会在中世纪的统治地位使得自希腊文明以来形成的理性思想遭到扼杀，人们的精神生活为宗教思想所笼罩，宗教所具有的阴暗面和对人的 思想的束缚使社会进步缓慢。在这个意义上中世纪的确是西方文明的一种“倒退”。 不过仅以此批评中世纪也是不公平的。对于以西欧为主体的西方社会而言，中世纪应该被看做重要的社会发展阶段。 希腊-罗马传统、犹太-基督教传统和日尔曼传统经过近千年中世纪的整合形成了一种为西方人所集体认同的文明式样西方文明。 最重要的是中世纪为欧洲文艺复兴奠定了坚实的基础。没有经过中世纪，很难想象人们会那样钟情于古希腊罗马文明，会“一心一意”兴“旧时”文明。总而言之，中世纪是西方文明的一个承上启下的时代，一个造就欧洲社会和民族的时代。 11. Feudalism 1. The Manor (封建领主的）领地、庄园 2. Knight