冰箱温度控制器的设计与研究大学毕设论文.doc

摘 要 电冰箱作为应用较为普及的家用电器，近年来，随着微电子技术、传感器技术以及控制理论的发展，电冰箱具有温度模糊控制、智能化霜、故障自诊功能，同时还具有控制精度高、性能可靠、省电等优点，并能达到高质量食品保鲜的目的，是电冰箱发展的主要方向。 电冰箱控制的主要任务就是保持箱内食品最佳温度，达到食品保鲜的目的。由于冰箱内温度受多种不确定因素影响，如放入冰箱中物品的温度、热容量以及物品的充满率、开门的频繁程度等，冰箱内的温度场的数学模型很难建立，因此无法用传统的控制方法实现精确控制。 本文采用模糊控制技术可以方便地提高控制精度，配以电子温度检测，对压缩机的工作状态进行调节，达到精确控温和节能的目的。通过变频控制可以使冷冻室的温度控制更加合理。当冷冻室需要制冷量比较大的时候，可以通过变频调控，使电机高速转动，就加强压缩机制冷；同理，当冷冻室制冷量比较小时，则使电机转速慢一些。就降低压缩机制冷。通过半导体制冷使冷藏室的温度控制更加精确。在冷藏室需要制冷的时候可以启动半导体制冷，而不用启动压缩机，这样一方面避免了压缩机的频繁开启，另一方面也节约了能量，同时也保证了冷藏室的温度更加准确。 为了提高冰箱的性能，软件上还采取了自学习功能、故障运行自恢复功能、维护自检功能和容错技术等抗干扰设计。该系统具有控制精度高、性能可靠、省电等特点。 关键词：模糊控制论；冰箱；单片处理机；自学习 Abstract In recent years, refrigerator as a widespread family electronics, they have advantages of perfect accuracy、high performance、saving electricity and keeping fresh food of high quality, while development of micro-electronics technology, senor technology and control theory. It is the main orientation of developing refrigerators. The control of the refrigerator aims to keep the food furthest temperature. But there are many factors effect the refrigerator temperature, such as food temperature, thermal capacity, full or not and frequency of opening door. So its difficult of building the model of the refrigerator. So it cant realize precision control using traditional control method. The Paper improves the control precision utilizing fuzzy control technology. And the frequency conversion has been designed in order to avoid starting up compressor frequently which makes the electrical machinery work according to requirement. So the refrigeration of compressor will be more effective. Safe adopts the semiconductor and compressor to refrigerate at the same time. In the normal situation the safe refrigerates with refrigeration of the freezer when the freezer needs refrigeration, the system starts the mechanism of compressing. The safe can reach the refrigeration result at the same time. When the freezer does not need refrigeration, the semiconductor will be used alon