农村留守儿童问题的研究与对策本科生毕业（设计）论文.doc

摘要 随着20世纪80年代我国社会主义建设新时期的到来，为了适应我国生产力的发展和市场经济的发展规律，农村劳动力大量向城市转移，这就在我国形成了一种特有的民工潮现象。而受限于我国的二元社会结构特征，农民向城市转移只是人进入到城市而身份却被排除在外依然留在农村保持农民身份，所以他们被称作农民工。农民工现象是我国城市化进程的必然结果。而伴随着农民工现象的出现，我国还出现了一个新的庞大的弱势群体—农村“留守儿童”。因为社会的不公平待遇和农民工自身条件的限制，他们无法和父母一起进城生活，只能留在户籍所在地的农村，并由他人照顾或独自生活。留守儿童群体的出现，也是我国社会主义现代化建设过程中所产生的不可忽视的新问题。 本论文就是通过以往媒体对留守儿童大量的报道，在学者对留守儿童问题大量研究的基础上，在导师的指导下，首先对农村留守儿童现象问题进行研究。其次本文对留守儿童目前存在的一些问题，如留守儿童所享受教育福利比较匾乏、医疗救助不到位等问题进行分析总结;最后在此基础上对留守儿童存在的问题提出两个方面的解决对策，一是从源头上解决留守儿童的对策，如实现学校、社会、家庭有机统一，从政府户籍制度，农村经济发展和健全农村社会保障制度等方面对减少留守儿童的产生提出建议，二是同时在留守儿童问题暂时不能彻底解决的情况下提出一些针对留守儿童问题的有效解决对策，如发展农村的社会福利事业和社会救助事业，并且发挥非政府组织在对留守儿童社会救助方面的作用。这样，我国的留守儿童就能够和城市儿童一样实现“同在蓝天下，共同成长进步”。 关键词：留守儿童 二元结构 社会福利 公共产品 Abstract As the 1980s Chinas socialist construction in the new period, in order to adapt to the development of our productive forces, and the development of market economy, rural labor transfer to the city of China, it formed an unique phenomenon of worker tide. But in limited binary social structure characteristics, farmers transfer to city just people into cities, the identities are excluded and still remain in rural areas, so they keep status as farmers and be called migrant workers. The phenomenon of migrant workers is the inevitable result of Chinas urbanization. But with the appearance of migrant workers in China, there is a new large disadvantaged group appeared-left-behind children group. But because of the unfair treatment of migrant workers and their limitations, they cannot live together with their children ,the children of the migrant workers can only stay in their hometown who be raised by their single-parent, grandparents or other persons. Left-behind children group in China appeared in the process of socialist modernization produces the new problems that should not be ignored. This thesis is basic on the media coverage and the researchers of left-behind children problems, the phenomenon of left-behind children were studied under the guidance of tutor firstly. Then analyzed