虚拟语气详细讲解.doc

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假想和建议。 虚拟条件句主要有下面两类。 表示现在及将来情况的虚拟条件句（表示怵然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况）： 谓语主要形式如下： 从句 主句 过去式 Would+动词原形 在从句中，不管第几人称动词be多用were这个形式。 If you hurried, you would catch the bus. 你要是赶紧是可以搭上车的。 You might be late if you went on foot. 假如你步行你可能会迟到。 If it were not raining, wo wouldn’t stay indoors. 要是现在天不下雨，我们就不会呆在屋里了。 If I knew French, I would read the book in the original. 如果我懂法语我就要看这本书的原文了。 What would you do suppose he were here? 要是他在这里你怎么办？ How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer! 你要是能多停留些时候该多好！ 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句： 谓语主要形式如下 从句 主句 had + 过去分词 would have + 过去分词 这类句子表示的是与事实相反的情况。 例如： If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。 If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a terrible mistake. 我要是不听你的劝告就犯大错了。 She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. 要不是忙她就来了 If it hadn’t been for him,we would have lost the game. 要不是他，我们这场比赛就输了。 You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes. 要是多穿点衣服你就不会着凉了。 注： 在上述两类虚拟条件句中，主句的谓语除了用would构成外，还可以用might或者could ，第一人称后多用would。 虚拟语气基本用法。 在表示将来情况的条件从句中，有事可以用 “were to / should + 动词原形”来构成谓语： If I were to / should do it, I would do it in a easy way. 要是我来做这事，我会用另一种简单的做法。 We wouldn’t lose courage even if we should / were to fail again. 即使再次失败我们也不会泄气。 If they should / were to attack us, we should wipe them out completely. 如果他们胆敢袭击我们，我们就彻底消灭他们。 If they were to / should act like that again, you should criticize them severely. 要是他们再那样做，你就要严厉地批评他们。 另外，如果条件句中包含有were, had, should或could，有时可以把if省略掉，但这时要把were， had， should或could放在主语前面（这种结构在口语中比较少使用）： Had we made (=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 要是准备充分我们是可能成功的。 Could the dead man have spoken, he would have identified his murderer. 如果死人会说话，他会认出谁是谋害他的人。 Were it not for their assistance, we should be in serious difficulty. 要不是他们的协助，我们会陷入困境。 Should Mr. Green call, what would you say? 要是格林先生打电话你怎么说？ Should there be a cheat, what should we do? 万一那是一个骗局我们怎么办？ 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表现出来， 而是通过一