ch05ComputerOrganization计导教案分析.ppt

Key terms address bus(地址总线) address space(地址空间) arithmetic logic unit(算术逻辑单元，ALU) bit pattern(位模式) cache memory(高速缓冲存储器) central processing unit(中央处理单元，CPU) Compact disc read-only memory(只读光盘存储器，CD-ROM) Key terms compact disc recordable(可刻录光盘，CD-R) compact disc rewritable(可重写光盘,CD-RW) complex instruction set computer(复杂指令集计算机，CISC) control bus(控制总线) Control unit(控制单元) data bus(数据总线) data register(数据寄存器) Key terms digital versatile disc(数字多功能光盘，DVD) direct memory access(可重写光盘,DMA) dynamic RAM(动态RAM，DRAM) execute(执行) fetch(取指令) firewire(火线) Input/output controller（输入/输出控制器) Input/output subsystem(输入/输出子系统) Key terms instruction register(指令寄存器) interrupt driven I/O(中断控制输入输出) isolated I/O(I/O独立寻址) machine cycle(机器周期） magnetic disk(磁盘) main memory(主存) Memory mapped I/O(存储器映射寻址) The arithmetic logic unit(ALU) performs arithmetic and logic operations. Registers are fast stand-alone storage locations that hold data temporarily. Controlling is achieved through wires that can be on or off. Key terms Main memory(主存储器)：存储单元的集合。 Address(地址)：用来区别每一个存储单元的唯一的标识符。 Address space(地址空间)：所有在存储器中可标识的独立地址单元的总数。 Bit pattern(位模式)：由二进制数0和1组成的一个序列。 Key terms Random access memory(随机存取存储器，RAM)：主存的主要组成部分。 volatile(易失性) Static RAM(静态RAM) flip-flop gate(触发器门电路) Dynamic RAM(动态RAM) capacitor(电容) Key terms Read-only memory(只读存储器，ROM) programmable read-only memory (PROM):可编程只读存储器 Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM):可擦除可编程只读存储器 Electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM):电可擦除可编程只读存储器 Key terms Memory hierarchy:存储器的层次结构 Cache memory :高速缓冲存储器 80-20 rule：指计算机通常会花费80%的时间来读取20%的数据 Two types of memory : RAM and ROM. RAM(random access memory): (1)RAM can be read from and written to by the user. (2)RAM is volatile. SRAM(static RAM):flip-flop gates, no need for refreshing. DRAM(dynamic RAM):capacitor.need to be refreshed periodically. ROM:(Read-only memory) (1)The user is allowed to read but not write to ROM. (2)ROM is nonvolatile. PROM: EPROM: EEPROM: Key terms Input/output