Financial Accounting (5th) Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel.ppt

Financial Accounting 财务会计 March 2010 Lecturer Assessment Textbook Financial Accounting (5th): Weygandt, Kieso, Kimmel This is US-base textbook Question References 任何一本中文的 财务会计 国际会计准则委员会: .uk 中国注册会计师协会: PWC: ACCA: AICPA: Chapter 1 Study Objectives What accounting is Uses and users of accounting Ethics as a fundamental business concept GAAP Monetary unit economic entity assumptions The accounting equation How business transactions affect the accounting equation Basic financial statements WHAT IS ACCOUNTING Accounting is an information system that Identifies （确认）, records（记录）, and communicates （沟通）the economic events (transactions 业务) of an organization to interested users Accounting... Why do we need accounting information USERS OF ACCOUNTING Internal Users 内部使用者 Marketing managers Production supervisors Finance directors Company officers QUESTIONS ASKED BY INTERNAL USERS Is cash sufficient to pay bills Can we afford to give employee pay raises this year What is the cost of manufacturing each unit of product Which product line is the most profitable USERS OF ACCOUNTING External Users 外部使用者 Investors 投资者 Creditors 债权人 Tax Department 税务当局 Customers Labor unions QUESTIONS ASKED BY EXTERNAL USERS Is the company earning satisfactory income? How does the company compare in size and profitability with its competitors Will the company be able to pay its debts as they come due到期? Accounting and bookkeeping Bookkeeping 记账 Involves only the recording of economic events Is just one part of accounting Field of Accounting 会计领域 Accounting can be divided into two fields. Financial accounting (财务会计): provides information for people outside the company, such as investors and creditors Managerial accounting (管理会计) : focuses on information for internal decision makers, such as mangers of the company Financial Accounting Governing organizations in US In US, the following organizations relate to the regulation of accounting. FASB(财务准则委员会): formulates accounting standards