常压精馏塔蒸发系统说明书毕业设计.doc

摘 要 论文主要是从塔的工艺计算，水力计算，结构设计，强度校核 等4个方面展开的。在工艺计算部分对原料的基本参数，物料衡算，热量衡算，塔板数，塔板结构等方面进行设计，尤其重点对塔板数、塔板结构进行了详细的分析，对一些主要尺寸进行了明确是设计和给定，这方面设计的正确与否直接影响到整个设计。在水力计算部分对塔盘、浮阀、降液管等零部件的尺寸进行了确定，塔的结构及尺寸用插图来表示。强度校核部分是本次设计的重要的一部分，在这部分当中对塔的自振周期、风载荷、风弯矩、地脚螺栓、进行了设计和计算，并且对壳体强度、圆筒应力、裙座周向应力、防火层和保温层、吊柱等几个环节进行了校核。本次设计共用34块浮阀塔板，塔距0.6m，塔径3.6m，塔高31.3m. 关键词：原油；常压精馏塔；物料衡算；热量衡算； Abstract The paper mainly from the tower process calculation, hydraulic calculation and structure design, strength check on the four aspects.In the process of calculation for raw materials of basic parameters, and the material balance calculations, heat balance calculations, tower number plate, plate tower structure of the design,Especially focus on tower number, tower board structure plate are analyzed in detail, and some main dimensions of the clear is a design and given, this aspect of the design is correct or not directly affects the whole design.The hydraulic calculation in part of the tray and float valves, such as liquid pipe down the size of the parts were determined, and the structure and size tower with drawings to said.Strength check this design is an important part of the part, in this part of the tower of the natural vibration period, the wind load, wind bending moment, the anchor bolts, to carry on the design and calculation, and for shell strength, cylinder stress, skirt a week to stress, fire protection layer and thermal insulation layer, hanging column several links such as a check on..This design adopts 34 block floating valve trays. Tower distance is 0.6m. Tower diameter is 3.6m.Tower level is31.3m. Key words: Oil; Atmospheric distillation Tower; Material balance; Heat balance; 目录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第 1 章 绪论 1 第2章　工艺计算 2 2.1 原料及产品的有关参数的计算 2 2.1.1 体积平均沸点 2 2.1.2 恩氏蒸馏90~10%斜率 2 2.1.3 立方平均沸点 2 2.1.4 中平均沸点 2 2.1.5 特性因数K 3 2.1.6 分子量 3 2.1.7 平均蒸发温度 3 2.1.8 临界温度 4 2.1.9 临界压力，大气压 5 2.1.10 焦点压力，大气压 5 2.1.11