红十字军东征背景.pptx

A Brief Survey to The Background of Crusades;What are Crusades?; Due to the “Holy Land” of Roman Catholic Church—Jerusalem was taken control by Islam Church, so the chief destination of most battles of Crusades were to recapture（夺回） the charge of Jerusalem back from Muslim. Crusade is not only a religious war that Christian triggered to take the “Holy Land” back. The root cause of the Crusades headed by the feudal Roman Catholic Church is to alleviate（缓解） social contradictions and to solve the social crisis. Thus they may enhance the authority of the Roman Pope and contribute to the establishment of Christian domination. ; Religious Background Economic Background Social Situation; Religious Background —The Precipitating（诱发） Factor; Meanwhile, Byzantium was losing considerable territory to the invading Seljuk Turks, who defeated the Byzantine Army at the battle of Manzikirt in 1071 and went on to gain control over much of Anatolia. After years of chaos and civil war, the general Alexius Comnenus seized the Byzantine throne in 1081 and consolidated（巩固） control over the remaining empire as Emperor Alexius I.; In 1095, Alexius sent envoys（使者） to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary（雇佣兵） troops from the West to help confront the threats from Seljuk Turks. Though relations between Christians in East and West had long been fractious, Alexius’ request came at a time when the situation was improving.;. In November 1095, at the Council of Clermont in southern France, the pope called on Western Christians to take up arms in order to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. Pope Urban’s plea met with a tremendous response, both among lower levels of the military elite (who would form a new class of knights) as well as ordinary citizens; it was determined that those who joined the armed pilgrimage（朝圣） would wear a cross as a symbol of the Church.;God Wills It;Economic Background;Social Back