传染第八版配套课件02病毒-17-新型布尼亚病毒感染发热伴血小板减少综合征@详解.ppt

* * * 布尼安病毒科（Bunyaviridae）至少包括350种病毒，被分为5个属：Orthobunyavirus、Hantanvirus、Nairovirus、Phlebovirus、Tospovirus（见表1），是动物病毒家族中最大的一个病毒科 大部份布尼安病毒依靠蚊虫、蜱、蠓、白蛉等节肢动物媒介叮咬敏感的脊椎动物传播疾病，并在自然界形成传播环，Arthropod vectors have not been identified for viruses of the the Hantavirus genus. Instead, viruses in the genus are carried by persistently infected rodents and are transmitted by aerosolized rodent excreta and also by biting among rodents. Many viruses of the family are not considered as pathogens, some members are responsible for severe and sometimes fatal human diseases. 番茄斑萎病毒的寄主范围很广，可侵染70个科925多种植物，而属内其他病毒的寄主范围要窄的多，引起植物广泛的褪绿、坏死、矮化和耳突等症状 * 已从岱山和临海的长角血蜱中检测到新型布尼亚病毒 * * * * * * * * * Ticks, like many mite species, are obligate blood-feeders, requiring a host animal for food and development. Ticks have four stages in their life cycle: egg, the 6-legged larva (seed ticks), and 8-legged nymph and adult (male or female). Larvae and nymphs change to the next stage after digesting a blood meal by molting or shedding the cuticle. Most of the ticks mentioned in this handbook have a 3-host life cycle, whereas each of the three active stages feed on a different individual host animal, taking a single blood meal. Larvae feed to repletion on one animal, drop to the ground and molt to a nymph. The nymphs must .nd and attach to another animal, engorge, drop to ground and molt to an adult. The adult tick feeds on a third animal. A replete or engorged (blood .lled) female tick will produce a single large batch of eggs and then die. Depending upon the species of tick, egg mass deposited can range roughly from 1,000 to 18,000 eggs. * 防治建议 （一）加强科学研究 对一个新疾病的科学认识是一个复杂的过程，应继续组织病原学、流行病学和临床医学等专业力量，开展系统研究，联合攻关，优先解决防控工作相关的关键技术问题，为防治工作奠定坚实基础。 （二）加强监测与流行病学调查 近年来，我国疾病监测和新发不明原因疾病的发现能力得到显著加强，但由于我们目前对此病的认识和危害尚不十分清楚，迫切需要各地加强监测与流行病学调查，对收集的数据进行细致分析，以便深入了解疾病特征、地理分布及危害等信息。 （三）加强培训与能力建设 各级医疗卫生机构应加强培训，提高医务人员发现、诊断和治疗的能力，降低病死率；提高疾控人员监测、调查和疫情处置能力，有效应对暴发疫情。 （四）提高各级专业机构实验室检测能力 通过培训等方式，尽快协助重点地区市级疾控中心建立实验室检测能力，并逐级进行推广。此外，推动适于