开工加热器的焊接工艺评定.doc

摘 要 焊接是制造压力容器的重要工艺，焊接质量在很大程度上决定了制造质量。压力容器焊接质量包括诸多方面的内容：焊缝外观、焊接缺陷、焊接变形与应力、焊接接头的使用性能（力学性能、弯曲性能、耐腐蚀性能、低温性能、高温性能等）和焊接接头外形尺寸等。焊接工艺能否保证产品的焊接质量，焊前需要在试件上进行验证，这就是广义的焊接工艺评定概念。严格来说，焊接工艺评定是指为验证所拟定的焊件焊接工艺的正确性而进行的试验过程及结果评价。 焊接工艺评定的目的在于验证焊接工艺指导书的正确性，焊接工艺正确与否的标志在于焊接接头的使用性能是否符合要求。若符合要求，则证明所拟定的焊接工艺是正确的，当用于焊接产品时，则产品的使用性能同样可以满足要求。 关键词：焊接 焊接质量 焊接工艺评定 Abstract The welding was makes the pressure vessel the important craft, the welding quality has decided the manufacture quality to a great extent.Pressure vessel welding quality including many aspect contents: Welded joint outward appearance, weld defect, welding deformation and stress, weld joint operational performance (mechanics performance, curving performance, anti-corrosive performance, low temperature performance, high temperature performance and so on) and weld joint external dimensions and so on.Whether did the welding craft front guarantee the product the welding quality, welds needs to carry on the confirmation on the test sample, this is the generalized welding craft still concept.Strict, the testing and the result appraisal which for the confirmation the welding craft evaluation is refers which draws up the weldment welding craft accuracy carries on. The welding craft evaluation goal lies in the confirmation welding craft instruction book the accuracy, the welding craft correct or not symbol lies in the weld joint the operational performance whether conforms to the requirement.If conforms to the requirement, then proved draws up the welding craft is correct, when uses in welds the product, then the product operational performance similarly may satisfy the r equest. Key words: Welding welding quality welding craft evaluation 目录 1 绪 论 4 2 开工加热器的结构分析 4 2.1开工加热器的结构 5 2.2开工加热器主要结构 5 3 15CrMoR和16MnR的焊接性分析 6 3.1金属焊接性 6 3.2 15CrMoR的焊接性 9 3.3 16MnR焊接性 10 4 开工加热器的焊接工艺评定 11 4.1焊接工艺评定的目的 12 4.2焊接工艺评定的程序 12 4.3焊接工艺评定的规则 13 4.4开工加热器的焊接工艺评定 14 致 谢 26 参考文献 27 1 绪 论 管壳式换热器，是一种通用的标准换热器。在化工生产中被广泛使用，它的结构简单、坚固、制造较容易，处理能力大，适应性强，操作弹性较大，尤